Winnie the Pooh

Winnie-the-Pooh is a bear created by A. A. Milne. He appears in Winnie-the-Pooh (October 14, 1926) and The House at Pooh Corner (1928). Milne also wrote two books of children's poetry which include several poems about Winnie-the-Pooh: When We Were Very Young and Now We Are Six. E. H. Shepard illustrated all four volumes. The setting of the stories is based on the Ashdown Forest in East Sussex.

The Pooh stories were later made into a Disney film, which spawned one of the company's most successful franchises.

Character

Winnie-the-Pooh, who is described as F.O.P. (Friend of Piglet), R.C. (Rabbit's Companion), P.D. (Pole Discoverer), E.C. and T.F. (Eeyore's Comforter and Tail Finder), is an unassuming "Bear of Very Little Brain" who is fond of composing poetry and eating honey. His best friend is a piglet called Piglet who is not very brave. They live in the Hundred Acre Wood with a variety of other characters (see below).

The character was named after a stuffed bear owned by Milne's son, Christopher Robin Milne, who had in turn named his toy after a real bear named Winnipeg, brought to Britain from Canada and whom Milne and his son often saw at the zoo. A character based on Christopher Robin appeared in the Pooh stories as well. Interestingly, the bear was brought to Britain as the regimental mascot of the Royal Winnipeg Rifles (hence his name), a Canadian Army battalion serving in the First World War. Christopher Robin's bear is now on display at New York Central Library. "Growler", E.H. Shepard's bear which provided the model for his illustrations, no longer exists, having been destroyed by Shepard's dog.

In 1929, Milne sold the Pooh merchandising rights to an American promoter named Stephen Slesinger. It was only one of many properties Slesinger managed, and during his lifetime, not even the biggest — that would probably be the Red Ryder comic strip, which he placed in movies, on radio and elsewhere. Slesinger died in 1953, and his widow inherited the operation.

In 1961, the Walt Disney Corporation bought film and other rights to the character and made a series of cartoon films about him. (Note that Winnie-the-Pooh's name was hyphenated in the Milne books, but lost its hyphens in the Disney incarnation.) The early cartoons were based on several of the original stories. However this is not true of the more recent films and television series which Disney have made. The style of drawing used in the cartoons is similar to that of Shepard's drawings although the original features have been changed from classical Pooh to a more modern bear look. The storytelling style and characterisation has less in common with Milne's tales.

In 1977, Disney released the animated feature The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, introducing a new character named Gopher. This movie features three segments which include Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree (1966), Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day (1968), and Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too (1974). In 1983, a fourth short, Winnie the Pooh and a Day for Eeyore, was released. Today, Pooh videos, teddy bears, and other merchandise generate $1 billion in annual revenues for Disney--the same amount as Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, and Pluto combined.

In 1991, Shirley Slesinger Lasswell, the widow of Milne's literary agent, who inherited the rights to Pooh, filed a lawsuit against Disney, claiming that she was being cheated out of merchandising rights to the characters. Although she has collected $66 million, she claims over $200 million more. After 13 years, the suit finally ended in March, 2004: Disney won.

The Tao of Pooh and The Te of Piglet by Benjamin Hoff uses Milne's characters in a very accessible way to explain the Eastern Philosophy/Religion of Taoism. Pooh has also been featured in four notable satires: Pooh and the Philosophers by J. T. Williams, Was the Winnie-the-Pooh a good Muslim?, and Frederick Crews' The Pooh Perplex and Postmodern Pooh, which both poke fun at literary theory.

The 'sport' of 'Pooh sticks' -- in which competitors drop sticks into a stream from a bridge and then wait to see whose stick will cross the finish line first -- began as a game played by Pooh and his friends in the stories, but has crossed over into the real world. A World Championship Pooh-sticks race takes place in Oxfordshire each year.

The Pooh stories have been translated into many languages, notably including Alexander Lenard's Latin translation, Winnie ille Pu, first published in 1958 and in 1960 became the first foreign-language to feature on the Christopher Robin

• Eeyore
• Heffalumps and woozles
• Kanga
• Owl
• Piglet
• Rabbit
• Roo
• Tigger

Stories about Winnie-the-Pooh

• in Winnie-the-Pooh:
  1. We Are Introduced to Winnie-the-Pooh and Some Bees and the Stories Begin
  2. Pooh Goes Visiting and Gets Into a Tight Place
  3. Pooh and Piglet Go Hunting and Nearly Catch a Woozle
  4. Eeyore Loses A Tail and Pooh Finds One
  5. Piglet Meets a Heffalump
  6. Eeyore Has A Birthday And Gets Two Presents
  7. Kanga And Baby Roo Come To The Forest And Piglet Has A Bath
  8. Christopher Robin Leads An Expotition To The North Pole
  9. Piglet Is Entirely Surrounded By Water
  10. Christopher Robin Gives Pooh A Party and We Say Goodbye
• in The House at Pooh Corner:
  1. A House Is Built At Pooh Corner For Eeyore
  2. Tigger Comes to the Forest and Has Breakfast
  3. A Search is Organdized, and Piglet Nearly Meets the Heffalump Again
  4. It Is Shown That Tiggers Don't Climb Trees
  5. Rabbit Has a Busy Day, and We Learn What Christopher Robin Does in the Mornings
  6. Pooh Invents a New Game and Eeyore Joins In
  7. Tigger Is Unbounced
  8. Piglet Does a Very Grand Thing
  9. Eeyore Finds the Wolery and Owl Moves Into It
  10. Christopher Robin and Pooh Come to an Enchanted Place, and We Leave Them There

Trivia

Pooh was Hong Kong's favourite Disney character in a 2004 poll, against characters including Mickey, Buzz, Donald, and Sleeping Beauty.