 |
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
The Tupolev Tu-104 is a twin-engined medium-range turbojet powered Russian airliner.
| Tupolev Tu-104 | ||
|---|---|---|
Tupolev Tu-104, one of the earliest jetliners | ||
| Description | ||
| Role | Airliner | |
| Crew | 3 | |
| First Flight | ||
| Entered Service | 1956 | |
| Manufacturer | Tupolev | |
| Dimensions | ||
| Length | 40.05 m | 131.40 ft |
| Wingspan | 34.54 m | 113.33 ft |
| Height | 11.90 m | 39.04 ft |
| Wing area | 183.50 m² | 1,975.24 ft² |
| Weights | ||
| Empty | 41,600 kg | 91,710 lb |
| Loaded | kg | lb |
| Maximum takeoff | 76,000 kg | 167,550 lb |
| Capacity | 50-100 passengers | |
| Powerplant | ||
| Engines | 2x Mikulin AM-3M-500 turbojets | |
| Thrust | 190.26 kN | 42,770 lb |
| Performance | ||
| Maximum speed | 950 km/h | 590 mph |
| Maximum Mach No. | 0.88 at 32,810 ft (10,000 m) | |
| Range | 2,650 km | 1,430 miles |
| Service ceiling | 11,500 m | 37,730 ft |
| Rate of climb | m/min | ft/min |
| Wing loading | kg/m² | lb/ft² |
| Thrust/Weight | ||
| Avionics | ||
| Avionics | ||
The Tupolev Tu-104 was the first jet-powered passenger aircraft in regular service, and the second jet-powered passenger aircraft in the world; the Tu-104 shocked western observers when it arrived in London in 1956 for an official state visit.
The Tu-104 was developed in response to an urgent Aeroflot need for a modern airliner with better capacity and performance than anything then in operation. It was adapted from the Tupolev Tu-16 strategic bomber. A new wider pressurized fuselage accommodating 50 passengers was mated to the wings, tail surfaces, and the engines of the Tu-16.
Some 200 total aircraft were built by the time production ended in 1960 and these continued in civil service with Aeroflot until 1981. A small number were also operated by the Czech national airline CSA which bought the Tu-104A configured for 81 passengers.
Once the type was removed from civil service, several were transferred to the military as staff transports and zero-g cosmonaut trainers.
The initial version seating 50 passengers.
Continuing improvements in the Mikulin engines permitted significant growth in the Tu-104 resulting in a 70-seater variant. The Tu-104A becomes the definitive production variant.
Further improvements were attained with the stretched Tu-104B fitted with new engines, the Mikulin AM-3M-500 turbojets, and able to accommodate 100 passengers.
Some of the Tu-104A airframes were rebuilt to accommodate 85 passengers, resulting in the Tu-104D.
These are Tu-104A airframes rebuilt to accommodate 100 passengers.
Military transport variant featuring rear ramp loading door. Prototype built and flown but not put in production
This is a 4-engined variant powered by 4 Lyulka AL-5 turbojets rated at 12,125 lbf (53.9 kN) thrust each. It has a NATO reporting name of "Cooker". It was first flown in Mar 1957. A few built but not ordered by Aeroflot. They later served as Air Force flying testbeds.
| Russian Civil Transport Aircraft | |
|---|---|
| Design Bureau | Antonov - Beriev - Ilyushin - Kamov - MiG- Mil - Lavochkin - Sukhoi - Tupolev - Yakovlev |
| Type Designation | Tupolev Tu-104 |
| NATO Codename | Camel |
| Related Variants (civil) | Tu-110 |
| Military Variants | Tu-16 - Tu-107 |
| Primary Designation Series | Tu-104 - Tu-114 - Tu-124 - Tu-134 - Tu-144 - Tu-154 - Tu204 - Tu-214 - Tu-334 |
| Comparable/Similar Aircraft | De Havilland Comet |
| Related content | |
|---|---|
| Related Development | Tu-16 - Tu-124 |
| Designation Series | |
| Related Lists | List of airliners |
| List of Aircraft | Aircraft Manufacturers | Aircraft Engines | Aircraft Engine Manufacturers Airlines | Air Forces | Aircraft Weapons | Missiles | Years in Aviation |
|
||||
| View Live Article | This article is from Wikipedia. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License | |
||
