Table of Chinese monarchs



         


Below is a table of Chinese monarchs.

From the Shang dynasty to the Qin, rulers usually held the title King (王 wáng). With the division of China into separate Warring States, this title had become so common that the unifier of China, the first Qin emperor Qin Shi Huangdi created a new title for himself, that of Emperor (皇帝 huángdì). This title of Emperor continued to be used for the remainder of China's imperial history, right down to the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912.

Chinese monarchs were known by many different names, and how they should be identified is often confusing. Sometimes the same emperor is commonly known by two or three separate names, or the same name is used by emperors of different dynasties. The tables below do not necessarily include all of an emperor's names - for example, posthumous names could run to more than twenty characters and were rarely used in historical writing - but where possible the most commonly used name or naming convention has been indicated.

These tables may not necessarily represent the most recently updated information on Chinese monarchs; please check the page for the relevant dynasty for possible additional information.

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Xia dynasty

Ca. 2070 BC - 1600 BC1

Reign name2 Notes Name by which most commonly known
Yu
禹		 Also known as
Da Yu, 大禹		 Yu
Qi
啟		 Son of Yu;
beginning of hereditary succession		 Qi
Tai Kang
太康		 　 Tai Kang
Zhong Kang
仲康		 　 Zhong Kang
Xiang
相		 　 Xiang
Shao Kang
少康		 　 Shao Kang
Zhu
杼		 　 Zhu
Huai
槐		 　 Huai
Mang
芒		 　 Mang
Xie
泄		 　 Xie
Bu Jiang
不降		 　 Bu Jiang
Jiong
扃		 　 Jiong
Jin
廑		 　 Jin
Kong Jia
孔甲		 　 Kong Jia
Gao
皋		 　 Gao
Fa
發		 　 Fa
Jie
桀		 Also known as
Lü Gui, 履癸		 Jie
1 The first generally accepted date in Chinese history is 841 BC. All dates prior to this are the subject of often vigorous dispute. The dates provided here are those put forward by The Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project, the work of scholars sponsored by the Chinese government which reported in 2000. They are given only as a guide.
2 The reign name is sometimes preceded by the name of the dynasty, Xia (夏), for example Xia Yu (夏禹).
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Shang dynasty

Ca. 1600 BC - 1046 BC1

Personal name Reign name2 Temple name3 Reign years1 Name by which most commonly known
　 Tang
湯		 　 1600 BC - 1300 BC Tang
　 Wai Bing
外丙		 　 Wai Bing
　 Zhong Ren
仲壬		 　 Zhong Ren
　 Tai Jia
太甲		 　 Tai Jia
　 Wo Ding
沃丁		 　 Wo Ding
　 Tai Geng
太庚		 　 Tai Geng
　 Xiao Jia
小甲		 　 Xiao Jia
　 Yong Ji
雍己		 　 Yong Ji
　 Tai Wu
太戊		 　 Tai Wu
　 Zhong Ding
仲丁		 　 Zhong Ding
　 Wai Ren
外壬		 　 Wai Ren
　 He Dan Jia
河亶甲		 　 He Dan Jia
　 Zu Yi
祖乙		 　 Zu Yi
　 Zu Xin
祖辛		 　 Zu Xin
　 Wo Jia
沃甲		 　 Wo Jia
　 Zu Ding
祖丁		 　 Zu Ding
　 Nan Geng
南庚		 　 Nan Geng
　 Yang Jia
陽甲		 　 Yang Jia
　 Pan Geng
盤庚		 　 1300 BC - 1251 BC Pan Geng4
　 Xiao Xin
小辛		 　 Xiao Xin
　 Xiao Yi
小乙		 　 Xiao Yi
　 Wu Ding
武丁		 　 1250 BC - 1192 BC Wu Ding
　 Zu Geng
祖庚		 　 1191 BC - 1148 BC Zu Geng
　 Zu Jia
祖甲		 　 Zu Jia
　 Lin Xin
廩辛		 　 Lin Xin
　 Geng Ding
庚丁		 Kang Ding
康丁		 Kang Ding
　 Wu Yi
武乙		 　 1147 BC - 1113 BC Wu Yi
　 Wen Ding5
文丁		 　 1112 BC - 1102 BC Wen Ding
　 Di Yi
帝乙		 　 1101 BC - 1076 BC Di Yi
Zi Zhou
子紂		 Di Xin
帝辛		 　 1075 BC - 1046 BC Di Xin
1 The first generally accepted date in Chinese history is 841 BC. All dates prior to this are the subject of often vigorous dispute. The dates provided here are those put forward by The Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project, the work of scholars sponsored by the Chinese government which reported in 2000. They are given only as a guide.
2 The reign name is sometimes preceded by the name of the dynasty, Shang (商), for example Shang Tang (商湯).
3 The name used in the oracle bone inscription records of ancestral sacrifice.
4 The period of the Shang dynasty starting from Pan Geng is also frequently referred to as the Yin (殷) dynasty.
5 Also known as Tai Ding (太丁).
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Zhou dynasty

Mid 11th century BC - 256 BC, traditionally divided into:

Personal name Posthumous name Reign years1 Name by which most commonly known
Ji Fa
姬發		 Wuwang
武王		 1046 BC-1043 BC1 Zhou Wuwang
(King Wu of Zhou)
Ji Song
姬誦		 Chengwang
成王		 1042 BC-1021 BC1 Zhou Chengwang
(King Cheng of Zhou)
Ji Zhao
姬釗		 Kangwang
康王		 1020 BC-996 BC1 Zhou Kangwang
(King Kang of Zhou)
Ji Xia
姬瑕		 Zhaowang
昭王		 995 BC-977 BC1 Zhou Zhaowang
(King Zhao of Zhou)
Ji Man
姬滿		 Muwang
穆王		 976 BC-922 BC1 Zhou Muwang
(King Mu of Zhou)
Ji Yihu
姬繄扈		 Gongwang
共王		 922 BC-900 BC1 Zhou Gongwang
(King Gong of Zhou)
Ji Jian
姬囏		 Yiwang
懿王		 899 BC-892 BC1 Zhou Yiwang
(King Yi of Zhou)
Ji Pifang
姬辟方		 Xiaowang
孝王		 891 BC-886 BC1 Zhou Xiaowang
(King Xiao of Zhou)
Ji Xie
姬燮		 Yiwang
夷王		 885 BC-878 BC1 Zhou Yiwang
(King Yi of Zhou)
Ji Hu
姬胡		 Liwang
厲王		 877 BC-841 BC1 Zhou Liwang
(King Li of Zhou)
　 Gonghe (regency)
共和		 841 BC-828 BC Gonghe
Ji Jing
姬靜		 Xuanwang
宣王		 827 BC-782 BC Zhou Xuanwang
(King Xuan of Zhou)
Ji Gongsheng
姬宮湦		 Youwang
幽王		 781 BC-771 BC Zhou Youwang
(King You of Zhou)
Ji Yijiu
姬宜臼		 Pingwang
平王		 770 BC-720 BC Zhou Pingwang
(King Ping of Zhou)
Ji Lin
姬林		 Huanwang
桓王		 719 BC-697 BC Zhou Huanwang
(King Huan of Zhou)
Ji Tuo
姬佗		 Zhuangwang
莊王		 696 BC-682 BC Zhou Zhuangwang
(King Zhuang of Zhou)
Ji Huqi
姬胡齊		 Xiwang
釐王		 681 BC-677 BC Zhou Xiwang
(King Xi of Zhou)
Ji Lang
姬閬		 Huiwang
惠王		 676 BC-652 BC Zhou Huiwang
(King Hui of Zhou)
Ji Zheng
姬鄭		 Xiangwang
襄王		 651 BC-619 BC Zhou Xiangwang
(King Xiang of Zhou)
Ji Renchen
姬壬臣		 Qingwang
頃王		 618 BC-613 BC Zhou Qingwang
(King Qing of Zhou)
Ji Ban
姬班		 Kuangwang
匡王		 612 BC-607 BC Zhou Kuangwang
(King Kuang of Zhou)
Ji Yu
姬瑜		 Dingwang
定王		 606 BC-586 BC Zhou Dingwang
(King Ding of Zhou)
Ji Yi
姬夷		 Jianwang
簡王		 585 BC-572 BC Zhou Jianwang
(King Jian of Zhou)
Ji Xiexin
姬泄心		 Lingwang
靈王		 571 BC-545 BC Zhou Lingwang
(King Ling of Zhou)
Ji Gui
姬貴		 Jingwang
景王		 544 BC-521 BC Zhou Jingwang
(King Jing of Zhou)
Ji Meng
姬猛		 Daowang
悼王		 520 BC Zhou Daowang
(King Dao of Zhou)
Ji Gai
姬丐		 Jingwang
敬王		 519 BC-476 BC Zhou Jingwang
(King Jing of Zhou)
Ji Ren
姬仁		 Yuanwang
元王		 475 BC-469 BC Zhou Yuanwang
(King Yuan of Zhou)
Ji Jie
姬介		 Zhendingwang
貞定王		 468 BC-442 BC Zhou Zhendingwang
(King Zhending of Zhou)
Ji Quji
姬去疾		 Aiwang
哀王		 441 BC Zhou Aiwang
(King Ai of Zhou)
Ji Shu
姬叔		 Siwang
思王		 441 BC Zhou Siwang
(King Si of Zhou)
Ji Wei
姬嵬		 Kaowang
考王		 440 BC-426 BC Zhou Kaowang
(King Kao of Zhou)
Ji Wu
姬午		 Weiliewang
威烈王		 425 BC-402 BC Zhou Weiliewang
(King Weilie of Zhou)
Ji Jiao
姬驕		 Anwang
安王		 401 BC-376 BC Zhou Anwang
(King An of Zhou)
Ji Xi
姬喜		 Liewang
烈王		 375 BC-369 BC Zhou Liewang
(King Lie of Zhou)
Ji Bian
姬扁		 Xianwang
顯王		 368 BC-321 BC Zhou Xianwang
(King Xian of Zhou)
Ji Ding
姬定		 Shenjingwang
慎靚王		 320 BC-315 BC Zhou Shenjingwang
(King Shenjing of Zhou)
Ji Yan
姬延		 Nanwang
赧王		 314 BC-256 BC Zhou Nanwang
(King Nan of Zhou)
　 Huiwang
惠王		 255 BC-249 BC Zhou Huiwang2
(King Hui of Zhou)
1 The first generally accepted date in Chinese history is 841 BC, the beginning of the Gonghe regency. All dates prior to this are the subject of often vigorous dispute. The dates provided here are those put forward by The Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project, the work of scholars sponsored by the Chinese government which reported in 2000. They are given only as a guide.
2 Nobles of the Ji family proclaimed King Hui as King Nan's successor after their capital, Luoyang, fell to Qin forces in 256 BC. However Zhou resistance did not last long in the face of the Qin advance and so King Nan is widely considered to have been the last emperor of the Zhou dynasty.
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Qin dynasty

Sovereigns of Qin Dynasty 221 B.C.-207 B.C.
Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號) Personal Names Period of Reigns
Convention: "Qin" + posthumous name
Note: Qin Zhao Shang Wang (秦昭襄王 qin2 zhao1 xiang1 wang2) had already been ruling Qin for 51 years when Qin anniliated Zhou Dynasty; however the other six warring states were still independent regimes. Historiographers thus used the next year (the 52nd year of Qin Zhao Shang Wang) as the official continuation from Zhou Dynasty therefore so should we. Qin Shi Huang Di was the first Chinese sovereign proclaiming himself "Emperor".
Zhao Xiang Wang|昭襄王 zhao1 xiang1 wang2 Ying Ze|嬴則 ying2 ze2 or Ying Ji|嬴稷 ying2 ji4 255 B.C.-250 B.C.
Xiao Wen Wang|孝文王 xiao4 wen2 wang2 Ying Zhu|嬴柱 ying2 zhu4 250 B.C.
Zhuang Xiang Wang|莊襄王 zhuang1 xiang1 wang2 Ying Zi Chu|嬴子楚 ying2 zi5 chu3 249 B.C.-247 B.C.
始皇帝 shi3 huang2 di4 Ying Zheng|嬴政 ying2 zheng4 246 B.C.-210 B.C.
Er Shi|二世 er4 shi4 Ying Hu Hai|嬴胡亥 ying2 hu2 hai4 209 B.C.-207 B.C.
Zi Ying was often referred using personal name or Qin Wang Zi Ying (秦王子嬰 qin2 wang2 zi5 ying1)
Did not exist Ying Zi Ying|嬴子嬰 ying2 zi5 ying1 207 B.C.
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Han dynasty



Han Dynasty Sovereigns
Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號) Personal Names Period of Reigns Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years
Convention: "Han" + posthumous name
Western Han Dynasty 206 B.C.-9 AD
Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3) Liu Bang (劉邦 liu3 bang1) 206 B.C.-195 B.C. Did not exist
Hui Di (惠帝 hui4 di4) Liu Ying (劉盈 liu3 ying2) 194 B.C.-188 B.C. Did not exist
Shao Di (少帝 shao4 di4) Liu Gong|劉恭 liu3 gong1 188 B.C.-184 B.C. Did not exist
Shao Di (少帝 shao4 di4) Liu Hong|劉弘 liu3 hong2 184 B.C.-180 B.C. Did not exist
Wen Di (文帝 wen2 di4) Liu Heng (劉恆 liu3 heng2) 179 B.C.-157 B.C. Houyuan (後元 hou4 yuan2) 163 B.C.-156 B.C.
Jing Di (景帝 jing3 di4) Liu Qi (劉啟 liu3 qi3) 156 B.C.-141 B.C.

Chngyuan (中元 zhong1 yuan2) 149 B.C.-143 B.C.

Houyuan (後元 hou4 yuan2) 143 B.C.-141 B.C.
Wu Di (武帝 wu3 di4) Liu Che (劉徹 liu3 che4) 140 B.C.- 87 B.C.

Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 140 B.C.-135 B.C.
Yuanguang(元光 yuan2 guang1) 134 B.C.-129 B.C.
Yuanshuo (元朔 yuan2 shuo4) 128 B.C.-123 B.C.
Yuanshou (元狩 yuan2 shou4) 122 B.C.-117 B.C.
Yuanding (元鼎 yuan2 ding3) 116 B.C.-111 B.C.
Yuanfeng (元封 yuan2 feng1) 110 B.C.-105 B.C.
Taichu (太初 tai4 chu1) 104 B.C.-101 B.C.
Tianhan (天漢 tian1 han4) 100 B.C.-97 B.C.
Taishi (太始 tai4 shi3) 96 B.C.-93 B.C.
Zhenghe (征和 zheng1 he2) 92 B.C.-89 B.C.
Houyuan (後元 hou4 yuan2) 88 B.C.-87 B.C.
Zhao Di (昭帝 zhao1 di4) Liu Fu Ling (劉弗陵 liu3 fu2 ling2) 86 B.C.- 74 B.C.

Shiyuan (始元 shi3 yuan2) 86 B.C.-80 B.C.
Yuanfeng (元鳳 yuan2 feng4) 80 B.C.-75 B.C.
Yuanping(元平 yuan2 ping2) 74 B.C.
Chang Yi Wang (昌邑王 chang1 yi2 wang2) Liu He (劉賀 liu3 he4) 74 B.C. Yuanping(元平 yuan2 ping2) 74 B.C.
Xuan Di (宣帝 xuan1 di4) Liu Xun (劉詢 liu3 xun2) 73 B.C.- 49 B.C.

Benshi (本始 ben3 shi3) 73 B.C.-70 B.C.
Dijie (地節 di4 jie2) 69 B.C.-66 B.C.
Yuankang (元康 yuan2 kang1) 65 B.C.-61 B.C.
Shenjue (神爵 shen2 jue2) 61 B.C.-58 B.C.
Wufeng (五鳳 wu3 feng4) 57 B.C.-54 B.C.
Ganlu (甘露 gan1 lu4) 53 B.C.-50 B.C.
Huanglong (黃龍 hunag2 long2) 49 B.C.
Yuan Di (元帝 yuan2 di4) Liu Shi (劉奭 liu3 shi4) 48 B.C.- 33 B.C.

Chuyuan (初元 chu1 yuan2) 48 B.C.-44 B.C.
Yongguang (永光 yong3 guang1) 43 B.C.-39 B.C.
Jianzhao (建昭 jian4 zhao1) 38 B.C.-34 B.C.
Jingning (竟寧 jing4 ning2) 33 B.C.
Cheng Di (成帝 cheng2 di4) Liu Ao (劉驁 liu3 ao2) 32 B.C.-7 B.C.

Jianshi (建始 jian4 shi3) 32 B.C.-28 B.C.
Heping (河平 he2 ping2) 28 B.C.-25 B.C.
Yangshuo(陽朔 yang2 shuo4) 24 B.C.-21 B.C.
Hongjia (鴻嘉 hong2 jia1) 20 B.C.-17 B.C.
Yongshi (永始 yong3 shi3) 16 B.C.-13 B.C.
Yuanyan (元延 yuan2 yan2) 12 B.C.-9 B.C.
Suihe (綏和 sui1 he2) 8 B.C.-7 B.C.
Ai Di (哀帝 ai1 di4) Liu Xin (劉欣 liu3 xin1) 6 B.C.-1 B.C.

Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 6 B.C.-3 B.C.
Yuanshou (元壽 yuan2 shou4) 2 B.C.-1 B.C.
Ping Di (平帝 ping2 di4) Liu Kan (劉衎 liu3 kan4) 1-5 Yuanshi (元始 yuan2 shi3) 1-5
Ru Zi Ying (孺子嬰 ru2 zi5 ying1) Liu Ying (劉嬰 liu3 ying1) 6-8

Jushe (居攝 ju1 she4) 6- October 8
Chushi (初始 chu1 shi3) November 8-December 8
the Xin Dynasty by Wang Mang 9-23

Shijianguo (始建國 shi3 jian4 guo1) 9- 13
Tianfeng (天鳳 tian1 feng1) 14-19
Dihuang (地皇 di4 huang2) 20-23
Geng Shi Di (更始帝 gang4 shi3 di4) Liu Xuan (劉玄 liu3 xuan2) 23-25 Gengshi (更始 geng4 shi3) 23-25
Eastern Han Dynasty 25 AD - 220 AD
Guang Wu Di (光武帝 guang1 wu3 di4) Liu Xiu (劉秀 liu3 xiu4) 25-57

Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 25-56
Jianwuzhongyuan (建武中元 jian4 wu3 zhong1 yuan2) 56-57
Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4) Liu Zhuang (劉莊 liu3 zhuang1) 58-75 Yongping (永平 yong3 ping2) 58-75
Zhang Di (章帝 zhang1 di4) Liu Da (劉炟 liu3 da2) 76-88

Jianchu (建初 jian4 chu1) 76-84
Yuanhe (元和 yuan2 he2) 84-87
Zhanghe (章和 zhang1 he2) 87-88
He Di (和帝 he2 di4) Liu Zhao (劉肇 liu3 zhao4) 89-105

Yongyuan (永元 yong3 yuan2) 89-105
Yuanxing (元興 yuan2 xing1) 105
Shang Di (殤帝 shang1 di4) Liu Long (劉隆 liu3 long2) 106 Yanping (延平 yan2 ping2) 9 months in 106
An Di (安帝 an1 di4) Liu Hu (劉祜 liu3 hu4) 106-125

Yongchu (永初 yong3 chu1) 107-113
Yuanchu (元初 yuan2 chu1) 114-120
Yongning(永寧 yong3 ning2) 120-121
Jianguang (建光 jian4 guang1) 121-122
Yanguang (延光 yan2 guang1) 122-125
Shao Di (少帝 shao4 di4) or Bei Xiang Hou (北鄉侯 bei3 xiang1 hou2) Liu Yi (劉懿 liu3 yi4) 125 Yanguang (延光 yan2 guang1) 125
Shun Di (順帝 shun4 di4) Liu Bao (劉保 liu3 bao2) 125-144

Yongjian (永建 yong3 jian4) 126-132
Yangjia (陽嘉 yang2 jia1) 132-135
Yonghe (永和 yong3 he2) 136-141
Hanan (漢安 han4 an1) 142-144
Jiankang (建康 jian4 kang1) 144
Chong Di (沖帝 chong1 di4) Liu Bing (劉炳 liu3 bing3) 144-145 Yongxi (永熹 yong1 xi1) 145
Zhi Di (質帝 zhi2 di4) Liu Zuan (劉纘 liu3 zuan3) 145-146 Benchu (本初 ben3 chu1) 146
Huan Di (桓帝 huan2 di4) Liu Zhi (劉志 liu3 zhi3) 146-168

Jianhe (建和 jian4 he2) 147-149
Heping (和平 he2 ping2) 150
Yuanjia (元嘉 yuan2 jia1) 151-153
Yongxing (永興 yong3 xing1) 153-154
Yongshou (永壽 yong3 shou4) 155-158
Yanxi (延熹 yan2 xi1) 158-167
Yongkang (永康 yong3 kang1) 167
Ling Di (靈帝 ling2 di4) Liu Hong (劉宏 liu2 hong2) 168-189

Jianning (建寧 jian4 ning2) 168-172
Xiping (熹平 xi1 ping2) 172-178
Guanghe (光和 guang1 he2) 178-184
Zhongping(中平 zhong1 ping2) 184-189
Shao Di (少帝 shao4 di4) or Hong Nong Wang (弘農王 hong2 nong2 wang2) Liu Bian (劉辯 liu3 bian4) 189

Guangxi (光熹 guang1 xi1) 189
Zhaoning (昭寧 zhao1 ning2) 189
Xian Di (獻帝 xian4 di4) Liu Xie (劉協 liu3 xie2) 189-220

Yonghan (永漢 yong3 han4) 189
Chuping (初平 chu1 ping2) 190-193
Xingping (興平 xing1 ping2) 194-195
Jianan (建安 jian4 an1) 196-220
Yankang (延康 yan2 kang1) 220
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Three Kingdoms Period



Three Kingdoms Sovereigns
Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號) Personal Names Period of Reigns Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years
Wei 220-265 AD
Convention: "Wei" + posthumous name, sometimes except Cao Pi who was referred using personal names.
Wen Di (文帝 wen2 di4) Cao Pi|曹丕 cao2 pi1 220-226 Huangchu (黃初 huang2 chu1) 220-226
Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4) Cao Rui|曹叡 cao2 rui4 226-239

Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 227-233
Qinglong (青龍 qing1 long2) 233-237
Jingchu (景初 jing3 chu1) 237-239
Qi Wang (齊王 qi2 wang2) Cao Fang|曹芳 cao2 fang1 239-254

Zhengshi (正始 zheng4 shi3) 240-249
Jiaping (嘉平 jia1 ping2) 249-254
Gao Gui Xiang Gong (高貴鄉公 gao1 gui4 xiang1 gong1) Cao Mao|曹髦 cao2 mao2 254-260

Zhengyuan (正元 zheng4 yuan2) 254-256

Ganlu (甘露 gan1 lu4) 256-260
Yuan Di (元帝 yuan2 di4) Cao Huan|曹奐 cao2 huan4 260-265

Jingyuan (景元 jing3 yuan2) 260-264
Xianxi (咸熙 xian2 xi1) 264-265
Shu or Shu Han 221 - 263
Convention: use personal name
Zhao Lie Di (昭烈帝 zhao1 lie4 di4) 劉備 (liu2 bei4) 221-223 Zhangwu (章武 zhang1 wu3) 221-223
Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3) Liu Chan|劉禪 (liu2 xhan2) 223-263

Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 223-237
Yanxi (延熙 yan2 xi1) 238-257
Jingyao (景耀 jing3 yao4) 258-263
Yanxing (炎興 yan2 xing1) 263
Wu 222-280
Convention: use personal name
Da Di (大帝 da4 di4) 孫權 sun1 quan2 222-252

Huangwu (黃武 huang2 wu3) 222-229
Huanglong (黃龍 huang2 long2) 229-231
Jiahe (嘉禾 jia1 he2) 232-238
Chiwu (赤烏 chi4 wu1) 238-251
Taiyuan (太元 tai4 yuan2) 251-252
Shenfeng (神鳳 shen2 feng4) 252

Kuai ji wang (會稽王 kuai4 ji1 wang2) Sun Liang|孫亮 sun1 liang4 252-258

Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 252-253
Wufeng (五鳳 wu3 feng4) 254-256
Taiping (太平 tai4 ping2) 256-258
Jing Di (景帝 jing3 di4) Sun Xiu|孫休 sun1 xiu1 258-264 Yongan (永安 yong3 an1) 258-264
Wu Cheng Hou (烏程侯 wu1 cheng2 hou2) Sun Hao|孫皓 sun1 hao4 264-280

Yuanxing (元興 yuan2 xing1) 264-265
Ganlu (甘露 gan1 lu4) 265-266
Baoding (寶鼎 bao3 ding3) 266-269
Jianheng (建衡 jian4 heng2) 269-271
Fenghuang (鳳凰 feng4 huang2) 272-274
Tiance (天冊 tian1 ce4) 275-276
Tianxi (天璽 tian1 xi3) 276
Tianji (天紀 tian1 ji4) 277-280
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Jin Dynasty



Jin Dynasty (265-420) Sovereigns
Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號) Personal Names Period of Reigns Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years
Convention: "Jin" + posthumous name
Xi (Western) Jin Dynasty 265-317
Wu Di (武帝 wu3 di4) Sima Yan|司馬炎 si1 ma3 yan2 265-290

Taishi (泰始 tai4 shi3) 265-274
Xianning (咸寧 xian2 ning2)275-280
Taikang (太康 tai4 kang1) 280-289
Taixi (太熙 tai4 xi1) 290
Hui Di (惠帝 hui4 di4) Sima Zhong|司馬衷 si1 ma3 zhong1 290-306

Yongxi (永熙 yong3 xi1) 290
Yongping (永平 yong3 ping) 291
Yuankang (元康 yuan2 kang1) 291-299
Yongkang (永康 yong3 kang1) 300-301
Yongning (永寧 yong3 ning2) 301-302
Taian (太安 tai4 an1) 302-303
Yongan (永安 yong3 an1) 304
Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 304
Yongan (永安 yong3 an1) 304
Yongxing (永興 yong3 xing1) 304-306
Guangxi (光熙 guang1 xi1) 306
Huai Di (懷帝 huai2 di4) Sima Chi|司馬熾 si1 ma3 chi4 307-311 Yongjia (永嘉 yong3 jia1) 307-313
Min Di (愍帝 min3 di4) Sima Ye|司馬鄴 si1 ma3 ye4 313-317 Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 313-317
Dong (Eastern) Jin Dynasty 317 AD - 420 AD
Yuan Di (元帝 yuan2 di4) Sima Rui|司馬睿 si1 ma3 rui4 317-322

Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 317-318
Daxing (大興 da4 xing1) 318-321
Yongchang (永昌 yong3 chang3) 321-322
Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4) Sima Shao|司馬紹 si1 ma3 shao4 322-325

Yongchang (永昌 yong3 chang3) 322-323
Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 323-325
Cheng Di (成帝 cheng2 di4) Sima Yan|司馬衍 si1 ma3 yan3 325-342

Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 325
Xianhe (咸和 xian2 he2) 326-334
Xiankang (咸康 xian2 kang1) 335-342
Kang Di (康帝 kang1 di4) Sima Yue|司馬岳 si1 ma3 yue4 342-344 Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 343-344
Mu Di (穆帝 mu4 di4) Sima Dan|司馬聃 si1 ma3 dan1 345-361

Yonghe (永和 yong3 he2) 345-356
Shengping (升平 sheng1 ping2) 357-361
Ai Di (哀帝 ai1 di4) Sima Pi|司馬丕 si1 ma3 pi1 361-365

Longhe (隆和 long2 he2) 362-363
Xingning (興寧 xing1 ning2) 363-365
Hai Xi Gong (海西公 hai3 xi1 gong1) Sima Yi|司馬奕 si1 ma3 yi4 365-371 Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 365-371
Jian Wen Di (簡文帝 jian3 wen2 di4) Sima Yu|司馬昱 si1 ma3 yu4 371-372 Xianan (咸安 xian2 an1) 371-372
Xiao Wu Di (孝武帝 xiao4 wu3 di4) Sima Yao|司馬曜 si1 ma3 yao4 372-396

Ningkang (寧康 ning2 kang1) 373-375
Taiyuan (太元 tai4 yuan2) 376-396
An Di (安帝 an1 di4) Sima De Zong|司馬德宗 si1 ma3 de2 zong1 396-418

Longan (隆安 long2 an1) 397-401
Yuanxing (元興 yuan2 xing1) 402-404
Yixi (義熙 yi4 xi1) 405-418
Gong Di (恭帝 gong1 di4) Sima De Wen|司馬德文 si1 ma3 de2 wen2 419-420 Yuanxi (元熙 yuan2 xi1) 419-420
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Sixteen Kingdoms Period



Sovereigns in the Period of Sixteen Kingdoms
Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 miao4 hao4) Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 ) Personal Names Period of Reigns Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years
Convention: use personal name
Han Zhao Empire 304-329 AD (addressed separately in traditional texts as Han Empire and Former Zhao Empire)
Han Empire 304-318
Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3) Guang Wen Di (光文帝 guang1 wen2 di4) Liu Yuan|劉淵 liu2 yuan1 304-310

Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 304-308
Yongfeng (永鳳 yong3 feng4) 308-309

Herui (河瑞 he2 rui4) 309-310
Did not exist Liang Wang (梁王 liang2 wang2) Liu He|劉和 liu2 he2 7 days in 310 Did not exist
Lie Zong (烈宗 lie4 zong1) Zhao Wu Di (昭武帝 zhao1 wu3 di4) Liu Cong|劉聰 liu2 cong1 310-318

Guangxing (光興 guang1 xing1) 310-311
Jiaping (嘉平 jia1 ping2) 311-315
Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 315-316
Linjia (麟嘉 lin2 jia1) 316-318
Did not exist Yin Di (隱帝 yin3 di4) Liu Can|劉粲 liu2 can4 a month and days in 318 Hanchang (漢昌 han4 chang1) 318
Qian (Former) Zhao Empire 318-329
Did not exist Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3) Liu Yao|劉曜 liu2 yao4 318-329 Guangchu (光初 guang1 chu1) 318-329
Hou (Later) Zhao Empire 319 - 351
Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3) Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4) Shi Le|石勒 shi2 le4 319-333

Zhaowang (趙王 zhao4 wang2) 319-328
Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 328-330
Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 330-333
Did not exist Hai Yang Wang (海陽王 hai3 yang2 wang2) Shi Hong|石弘 shi2 hong2 333-334

Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 333
Yanxi (延熙 yan2 xi1) 334
Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3) Wu Di (武帝 wu3 di4) Shi Hu|石虎 shi2 hu3 334-349

Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 334-349
Taining (太寧 tai4