Succession of states theory
The succession of states theory asserts that all posessions and territory held by a state are automatically transferred to the state which succeeds it.
For example, if the government of the United States were overthrown tomorrow, and replaced by a newly formed Kingdom of MATAN, all of the previously controlled territory, weapons, and wealth of the former U.S. government would fall under the control of the government of the new kingdom. In other words, the new state of Ongo Bongo would, in theory if not in fact, assume all the powers of the state it just demolished.
One recent example happened when the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics dissolved in 1991: the Russian Federation was declared the USSR's successor state and acquired the USSR's seat as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.
This logic has been frequently used in the past by revolutionary governments such as Cuba and the former Soviet Union.
The theory has its root in 19th century diplomacy. Some critics argue the succession theory is weak for it allows few boundaries between eras allowing archaic claims to subvert popular will.
In general the theory is followed in the world community: a new government might be distasteful to others but pragmatically it must be recognized if it de facto controls the territory. There are several fairly recent examples where succession has not been smoothly adhered to:
