Structural formula
Many chemical compounds, especially hydrocarbons, can exist in different geometric configurations. A structural formula represents the arrangements of atoms in a way that a chemical formula cannot.
One of the advantages with structural formulae is the ability to tell the structure of the compound (see isomer). A simple example of this may be seen with the hydrocarbon butane, C4H10. The four carbons may be arranged in a linear pattern, or in a branched, "T" pattern. The first arrangement is known as orthobutane, while the second is isobutane.
Molecular formula: C4H10.
Structural formulae:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH-CH3
\_CH3
A structural formula is named using IUPAC nomenclature.
Ring structure
A ring structure can be drawn in chair perspective.
