St. Gotthard Tunnel

The St. Gotthard Tunnel in Switzerland is the longest road tunnel in the world. It runs from Göschenen in the north to Airolo in the south, and is just under 17 kilometres in length. It links two Swiss cantons: Uri to the north and Ticino to the south.

History

The widely used expressway tunnel was opened on September 5, 1980, in response to the automobile boom in Switzerland and the popularity of Italy as a travel resort.

Rail tunnels

A St. Gotthard tunnel separate from the expressway tunnel also exists, in operation to handle rail traffic on the north-south line in Switzerland. It was opened 1882. In this category, however, it is now not more the record-holder. The Seikan Tunnel in Japan and the Channel tunnel between the United Kingdom and France are both in excess of 50km (30mi).

In a few years to come, a second rail tunnel, the Gotthard Base Tunnel, will be completed (this tunnel is currently under construction, with increasing portions already complete), which will be longer (57 km) and be put into operation for the use of express trains travelling from northern Switzerland to the Ticino area and beyond.

Road conditions

The St. Gotthard tunnel forms part of the A2 motorway in Switzerland, running north from Basel through the tunnel down to Chiasso on the border with Italy.

Traffic flows through only one tunnel, which carries traffic both ways, with each direction allocated only one lane. The tunnel's speed limit is 80 km/h.

The tunnel is heavily used and often home to traffic jams both on the north and south ends. In contrast, another tunnel through the Alps, the San Bernardino road tunnel in the canton of Graubünden, is relatively uncongested and shorter, although the road taken on that expressway is actually longer than the direct route through the St. Gotthard tunnel.

There are also concerns on its safety. Statistics show that due to the nature of the tunnel (only one tunnel at present, with bidirectional traffic flowing without a physical divide), it is more perilous than a standard tunnel (two tunnels, each catering only to multiple lanes going in one direction). As a result breakdowns and even accidents are more likely to happen.

In the tunnel, a distance of 150 metres between each car is in force.