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Soviet Russia is sometimes used as a somewhat sloppy synonym to the Soviet Union — although the term Soviet Russia well might be seen used encompassing both Bolshevist Russia and Soviet Union, i.e., to include all time from the February Revolution in 1917 to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. In the Soviet Union itself, the term Soviet Russia was mostly applicable specifically to Russia proper, i.e., RSFSR (possibly, including the Bolshevist Russia).
Soviet Russia was a Russian newspaper in the Soviet Union.
"In Soviet Russia..." can also be an allusion to a type of joke popularized by Yakov Smirnoff — for example, "In California, you can always find a party. In Soviet Russia, The Party can always find you!" However, even Smirnoff did not use the phrase "Soviet Russia" until the fall of the USSR. Originally, this joke was phrased, "In California, you can always find a party. In Russia, the Party can always find you!"