Shoulder surfing
Shoulder surfing is a way of using direct observation to gather confidential information, usually a password or personal identification number (PIN) that can be used to gain access to a secured system. The term has its origins in the practice of physically looking over someone's shoulder while they are typing in their password.
More modern techniques include installing a remotely accessed camera onto automatic teller machines. This camera is usually used in concert with a third-party card reader that is installed in front of the ATM's actual card slot. This reader can record the contents of the ATM card's magnetic stripe, in order to copy the card for use with the visually recorded PIN.
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