Samizdat
- For other meanings, see Samizdat (disambiguation).
Samizdat (self-published, in Russian самиздат) was a system in the Soviet-bloc countries wherein people clandestinely printed and distributed government-suppressed literature. Key to the technique was that copies were made a few at a time, and anyone who had a copy and any sort of copying equipment was encouraged to make more copies. The techniques used varied from semi-professional printing machines to groups of people copying the text by hand.
A rough translation would be something along the lines of "Passing on" or "Giving it amongst yourselves". Essentially, the samizdat copy of the text, such as Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita, were passed from one person to another. The techniques used to print the forbidden literature and newspapers varied from copying the content by hand in several copies to printing the books on semi-professional printing presses in large quantities. In Poland during the 1970's and 1980's several books (sometimes as long as 500 pages) were printed in quantities often exceeding 5000 copies.
Etymology (Russian): сам (self) + изда(ва)ть (to publish). The word has snuck into English.
Contrast: freedom of press, freedom of speech
