Pregnancy in science fiction

Numerous science fiction, utopian and dystopian novels revolve around sexual reproduction, pregnancy and infertility. Some examples:

Brian Aldiss: Greybeard (1964) (universal infertility)
Margaret Atwood: The Handmaid's Tale (1985) (widespread infertility in a theocratic United States)
David Brin: Glory Season (1994) (mixture of parthenogenesis and sexual reproduction in a mainly female society)
Anthony Burgess: The Wanting Seed (1962)
Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Herland (1915) (parthenogenesis in an all-female society)
Aldous Huxley: Brave New World (1932) (all children produced in artificial wombs and engineered for specific social niches)
P.D. James: The Children of Men (1992) (universal infertility)
Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle: The Mote in God's Eye (1975) (alien race that has to continuously breed and the consequences of its resulting overpopulation crisis)
Marge Piercy: Woman on the Edge of Time (1976) (fetuses raised externally in breeders rather than in the female womb)
John Wyndham: The Midwich Cuckoos (1957) (human women simultaneously impregnated with identical alien children)
Solution Three (1975) (uptopia via mandatory homosexuality, reproduction via surrogate mothers carrying cloned children)

Among themes regularly encountered in science fiction are inter-species reproduction (see Star Trek), artificial wombs, and male pregnancy.


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