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Perm (Пермь, pop. 1,000,100 as of 2003) is a city in Russia, on the banks of the Kama River, at the foot of the Ural Mountains - the border between Europe and Asia. It is the capital of Perm Oblast, which is a part of the larger Volga Federal District. The city is a major administrative, industrial, scientific, and cultural center. The leading industries include machinery, defence, oil production (about 3% of Russian output), oil refining, chemical and petrochemical, timber and wood processing and the food industry.
Perm is a home to several major universities.
Perm was founded on May 17, 1723. Town status since 1781.
In 1940 – 1957 the city was named Molotov (Мо́лотов).