People's Action Party

The People's Action Party (PAP) is a political party in Singapore. The party was formed in 1954 by English-educated middle-class men who had come back from Britain. It has controlled the Singapore government since the first official election there in 1959.

Between 1963 and 1965, Singapore was a part of Malaysia and the PAP functioned as a Malaysian party. However, the prospect that the PAP might rule Malaysia upset PAP relations with UMNO and the Malay nationalist belief in the Tanah Melayu. The clash of personalities between Lee Kuan Yew and the Malaysian Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman resulted in an ensuing crisis and led to Singapore's separation from Malaysia in 1965. Upon independence, the PAP ceased operations outside of Singapore.

Because almost all professional politicians in Singapore are members of the People's Action Party, The PAP has held the overwhelming majority of seats in Parliament since 1966, when the opposition Barisan Sosialis Party (Socialist Front), a left-wing group that split off from the PAP in 1961, resigned from Parliament, leaving the PAP as the sole representative party. In the general elections of 1968, 1972, 1976, and 1980, the PAP won all of the seats in an expanding parliament.

Originally a socialist party, the PAP Executive later expelled the leftist faction, bringing the ideological basis of the party into the centre, and later in the 60s, moving further to the right.

For many years the party was led by Lee Kuan Yew, who was prime minister from 1959 to 1990. The current prime minister, and secretary general of the PAP, is Lee Hsien Loong who succeeded Goh Chok Tong on 12 August, 2004. Lee Hsien Loong is the eldest son of Lee Kuan Yew.

Even though the PAP can be credited with the economic success of Singapore, it has ruled the country with an iron fist where it controls the media, suppresses political dissent and often silences its opponents with law suits.