Papiamento
Papiamento or Papiamentu is the primary language spoken on the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Curaçao and Bonaire. It is also well known by people in Saba, St Eustatius and Sint Maarten islands.
The word Papiamento is based on the word Papia that means talk and it is probably derived from the Creolized-Portuguese word papear.
Compare "Papia Kristang".
It is a creole language based mainly in Portuguese, Spanish and African languages as well as Amerindian languages (maybe Arawakan), English and French. Dutch is a modern influence. But, Papiamento actually derived from the Pidginized Portuguese spoken among Sephardic Jews and their slaves after they fled Brazil, and from Spanish by Spaniards who came later in the 16th and 17th century. Then, after the Dutch Empire got the ABC islands (Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao) from the Spanish, Dutch colonists also inserted many Dutch words into Papiamento.
Venezuelan Spanish is a constant influence nowadays.
There are two orthographies: a more phonemic one (in Curaçao and Bonaire) and one resembling Spanish (in Aruba).
Most Papiamento vowels are based on Ibero-Romance vowels, but some also based on Dutch vowels like : ee, ui, ie, oe, ij, ei, oo and aa.
It is a tonal language, which is unusual in creoles and probably influenced by African tones. Tones in Creoles can be also found in Saramaccan
Many Papiamento speakers are also able to speak Dutch as official language, English and Spanish. It is spoken with different accents on every island.
Phrase samples
- Bon bini = Welcome!! (Portuguese: Bem vindo)
- Bon dia = Good morning (Portuguese, Bom dia; Spanish, Buenos dias)
- Bon tardi = Good evening (Portuguese, Boa tarde)
- Bon nochi = Good night (Portuguese, Boa noite; Spanish, Buena noche)
- Con ta bai? / Con ta cu bida? = How are you? / How is life? (Portuguese, Como vai?/Como está com a vida?, ta is the vernacular Portuguese of verb to be, tá insted of está)
- Mi ta bon, danki = I am fine, thank you. (Mi ta Bom, from (vernacular) Portuguese, Eu tou bom/bem)
- Tur kos ta bon = everything is running well
- Hopi bon / Tremiento = very good
- Trankilo = calm, everything is ok
- Hopi kalor/cayente = very hot/warm
- Con bo jama? / Con ta bo nomber?= What's your name? (Portuguese, Como você se chama?)
- Mi jama Raul / Mi nomber ta Raul = My name is Raul (Portuguese, Me Chamo Raúl / Meu nome é Raúl; Spanish, Mi nombre es Raul)
- Di unda bo ta bini? = Where are you from? (Portuguese, De onde você vem?)
- Mi ta bini di..... = I am from..... (Portuguese, Eu venho de... )
- Mi ta biba na.... = I live in........ (Portuguese, Eu vivo na... )
- Por fabor = Please
- Masha danki = Thank you very much (Danki from Dutch, Dank u)
- Di Nada = You're welcome (Portuguese/Spanish, De nada)
- Homber = Male (Portuguese, Homem; Spanish, Hombre)
- Muhe = Female (Portuguese, Mulher; Spanish, Mujer)
- Si = Yes (Spanish, Si; Portuguese, Sim)
- No = No (Spanish, No; Portuguese, Não)
- Ainda no = Not yet (Portuguese, Ainda não)
- Ayo! = Goodbye! (Portuguese, Adeus; Spanish, Adios)
- Te otro biaha! = See you later! (Portuguese, Até outro dia)
- Mi ta sinti bo falta! = I miss you! (Portuguese, Eu sinto vossa falta!)
- Mi ta stima bo = I love you (Portuguese, Eu estimo você/ Eu amo-te)
- Awo = Now (Portuguese, Agora; Spanish, Ahora; )
- Ayera = Yesterday (Spanish, Ayer)
- Mi tin hamber = I am hungry (hamber from Spanish, tengo hambre)
- Mi tin sed = I am thirsty (Portuguese, Eu Tenho sede)
- Laga nos bai Sali! = Let's go out!
- Te mayan!, Te aworo!, Te despues! = See you!, bye! (Portuguese, Até amanhã, Até logo, Até depois)
- Masha pabien ! = Happy birthday! (Portuguese, Muitos parabéns!)
- Feliz aña nobo ! = Happy new year! (Portuguese, Feliz ano novo; Spanish, Feliz año nuevo)
- Bon pasco! = Merry Christmas ! (Portuguese, Boa Páscoa)
- No lubida! = Don't forget! (Spanish, No olvides)
- Corda skirbi mi back masha lihe! = Write me as soon as possible!
- Señor, Meneer = Mister (Portuguese, Senhor; Spanish Señor)
- Señora = Mrs, Madam (Portuguese, Senhora; Spanish Señora)
- Yufrouw = Miss, Ms. (Dutch, juffrouw)
- Mi number di telefon ta... = my phone number is...
- Bél mi = Call me(by telephone)
Social Relationships
- Mayornan = parents
- Papa, padu = father
- Mama, madu = mother
- Welo = grandfather (Spanish, Abuelo)
- Wela = grandmother (Spanish, Abuela)
- Omo = uncle (Dutch, Oom)
- Tanta = aunt (Dutch, Tante)
- Homber = man
- Muhe = woman (Portuguese, Mulher)
- Yiu Homber = son
- Yiu Muhe = daughter
- Muchanan = children
- Mucha homber = boy
- Mucha muhe = girl
- Ruman homber = brother
- Ruman muhe = sister
- Subrino = nephew (Portuguese, Sobrinho; Spanish, Sobrino)
- Subrina = niece (Portuguese, Sobrinha; Spanish, Sobrina)
- Primu, prima = cousin (Portuguese/Spanish, Primo, Prima)
- Paso papa = step father
- Paso mama = step mother
- Paso yiu homber = step son
- Paso yiu muhe = step daughter
- Nieto = grandson
- Nieta = grand daughter
- Chabalito = boy
- Esposo = husband (Portuguese/Spanish, Esposo)
- Esposa = Wife (Portuguese/Spanish, Esposa)
- Amigu/o,amiga = Friend (Portuguese/Spanish, Amigo, Amiga)
- Bisiña = neighbour (Portuguese, Vizinho, Vizinha)
- Enemigo/a = Enemy (Portuguese, Inimigo/a)
Calendar system
In Papiamento,name of months are adapted directly from Dutch
- Januari = January
- Februari = February
- Maart = March
- April = April
- Mei = May
- Juni = June
- Juli = July
- Augustus = August
- September = September
- October = October
- November = November
- December = December
Fruits & vegetables
- ardbei = strawberry (Dutch, aardbei)
- konoflok =garlic (Dutch, knoflook)
- pampuna = pumpkin (Dutch, pompoen)
- prei = leek
- boonchi = beans
- siboyo chiquito = small onion / shallot (Portuguese, Cebolo)
- appelsina, orañe = orange (Dutch, sinaasappel)
- appel = apple
- druif =grape
- preimu, pruim = plum
- siboyo = onion (Portuguese, Cebola; Spanish, Cebolla)
- boonchi wowo pretu = black-eyed beans (boonchi from Dutch, boontjes, wowo derived from African wo and pretu from Portuguese Preto)
- uva = grapes (Portuguese/Spanish, uva)
- olijfi = olives
- bacoba = banana
- karot = carrot
- anasa = pineapple (Portuguese, Ananás)
- kol = cabbage (Dutch, kool)
- batata= potato (Portuguese/Spanish, batata)
- tomati = tomato (Portuguese/Spanish, tomate)
- awakati, awakate = avocado (Portuguese, abacate)
- flor = flower (Portuguese/Spanish, flor)
- zoneblum = sunflower
- rosa = rose (Portuguese/Spanish, rosa)
- palu = tree
- kayo = corn
- guyaba = guava
- koko, coco = coconut (Portuguese, Côco; Spanish, Coco)
- kakou = cocoa
- palma = palm
- selder = celery
- komkomber = cucumber
- patia = watermelon
- spinazi = spinach
- salada = lettuce (From Portuguese, salada)
- yerba = grass (Portuguese, erva, Spanish, hierba)
- pera = pear (Portuguese, pera)
- lamunchi = lemon (Portuguese, limão)
Food and beverages
- biña cora = red wine
- biña blancu = white wine
- bebida sterki = alcoholic beverages
- koffi = coffee
- te = tea
- lechi = milk
- sopa di yuana = iguana soup
- chuculati = chocolate
- awa = water
- ijs = ice
- aros = rice
- pan = bread
- ponche crema = eggyolk
- bolo = cake
- webu = egg
- beleg = cold cuts
- salo = salt
- sucu = sugar
- pica = pepper
- keshi = cheese
- manteca = butter
- mangel = sweets/ candy
- chupa bebe = Arubian lollypop
- pastechi = pate
- soft/ refresco = soft drink
- carni = meat
Days
- Diadomingo = Sunday
- Dialuna = Monday
- Diamars = Tuesday
- Diarazon = Wednesday
- Diahuebs = Thursday
- Diabierna = Friday
- Diasabra = Saturday
Numbers
- un = one (Portuguese, um; Spanish, un/uno)
- dos = two (Portuguese, dois; Spanish, dos)
- tres = three (Portuguese, três; Spanish, tres)
- cuater(Netherlands Antilles), cuatro (Aruba) = four (Portuguese, quatro; Spanish, cuatro)
- cincu (Neth Antilles), cinco (Aruba) = five (Portuguese/Spanish, cinco)
- seis = six (Portuguese/Spanish, seis)
- shete = seven (Portuguese, Sete; Spanish, Siete)
- ocho = eight
- nuebe = nine (Portuguese, nove; Spanish, nueve)
- djes = ten (Portuguese, Dez; Spanish, Diez)
- djesun = eleven
- djesdos = twelve
- djestres = thirteen
- djescuater = fourteen
- djessincu = fifteen
- djesseis = sixteen
- djesshete = seventeen
- djesocho = eighteen
- djesnuebe = nineteen
- binti = twenty (Portuguese, vinte)
- binti un = twenty one
- trinta = thirty (Portuguese, trinta)
- cuarenta = forty (Portuguese, quarenta; Spanish, cuarenta)
- cincuenta = fifty (Portuguese, cinquenta; Spanish, cincuenta)
- sesenta = sixty (Portuguese/Spanish, sesenta)
- shetenta = seventy (Portuguese/Spanish, setenta)
- ochenta = eighty
- nobenta = ninety (Portuguese/Spanish, noventa)
- shen = one hundred (Portuguese, Cem; Sapnish, Cien)
- mil = one thousand (Portuguese/Spanish, mil)
- un miyon = one million (Portuguese, milhão; Spanish, millon)
Ordinal numbers
- prome = first
- di dos = second
- di tres = third
Colours
- cora = red
- shinishi = grey
- geel = yellow
- blou = blue
- blancu = white (Portuguese/Spanish, blanco)
- berde = green (Portuguese/Spanish, verde)
- Maron, bruin = brown
- ros = pink (Portuguese, rosa)
- lila = purple (Portuguese, lilás)
- scur = dark (Portuguese, escuro; Spanish, oscuro)
Pronouns
- Ami, mi = I (Portuguese, Eu, mim, me)
- Abo, bo = you (Portuguese, vós, você, tu, ti)
- E, el = he, she, it (Portuguese, ele, ela)
- Nos = We (Portuguese, Nós)
- Nan = They
- Boso = You (plural or polite) (Portuguese, Vosso)
Adjectives
- Lihe/pura/rapido = Fast/quick
Interrogative
- Ki ? = What? (Portuguese, Quê; Spanish, Que)
- Ken? = Who? (Portuguese, Quem, Spanish, Quien)
- Cua? = Which? (Portuguese, Qual; Spanish, Cual)
- Unda? = Where? (Portuguese, Onde)
- Cuantu? = How? (Portuguese, Quanto; Spanish, Cuanto)
- Cuandu?= When? (Portuguese, Quando; Spanish, Cuando)
- Pakiko? = Why?/What for?(Portuguese, Porquê?, Spanish, ¿Por qué?)
- Dikon? = Why? (as in what's wrong with you?)
- Di cón? = Why?
More words
- awaseroe, awacero = rain (Portuguese, aguaçeiro/chuva)
- sneu, sneeuw = snow
- mist = mist
- bientu, biento = wind (Portuguese, vento)
- ola = wave
- nubia = cloud
- horkan = hurricane
- lamper = lightning
- strena = thunder
- laman = beach, ocean
- playa, strand = beach
- tera = sand, country (from Portuguese, terra)
- waf = port
- brug = bridge
- caya, siudad, stad = city
- volkan = volcano
- cero = mount
- postkantoor = post office
- officina di gobierno = government office
- panaderia = bakery
- banco = bank (Portuguese, banco)
- keds = sneakers
- sapato = shoes (Portuguese, sapato)
- saya = skirt (Portuguese, saia)
- sombre = hat
- kamisa = shirt (Portuguese, camisa)
- dashi = tie
- karson = trousers
- blusa = blouse (Portuguese, blusa)
- brazier = bra
- stul = chair
- mesa = table (Portuguese, mesa)
- cas = house (Portuguese, casa)
- kunuku = countryside
- bentana = window
- porta = door (Portuguese, porta)
- dak = roof
- kushina = kitchen (Portuguese, cozinha)
- muraya = wall (Portuguese, muralha)
- iglesia = church
- moskei = mosque
- botica, botika = drugstore (Portuguese, botica)
- scol, school = school
- baranka = rock
- boto = boat
- surfplank = surfboard
- veld = field
- barco = ship (Portuguese, barco)
- edifisio = building (Portuguese, edificio)
- hardin zoologiko = zoo
- hospital = hospital (Portuguese, hospital)
- libreria = bookstore (Portuguese, livraria)
- biblioteca = library (Portuguese, biblioteca)
- buki = book
- graf = grave
- santana = cemetery
See also
