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This article is about an architectural style. See palladian window for that particular architectural detail.
The so-called Palladian was an extremely popular style of architecture in 17th- and 18th-century England (as well as thereafter); indeed, for many years it was the ever-dignified gold standard.
Palladian is, properly, an English style, but in its name and inspiration it pays tribute to Palladio, the 16th-century Italian architect and writer on architecture. For years, even as more outrageously Baroque and more severely Neoclassical architecture enjoyed popularity, many architects continued to hark back to the work of Inigo Jones, who in the early 17th-century had first brought Palladio's influences coherently to England.
Chiswick House in London is one of the most famous surviving examples of Palladian architecture.
Some designs of Mr. Inigo Jones and Mr. Wm. Kent, London, 1744