Oswald Boelcke
Oswald Bölcke (or Boelcke if one does not use the umlaut) (May 19, 1891 - October 28, 1916) was a German air ace of World War I.
He was born in Giebichenstein, the son of a schoolmaster recently returned from Argentina. After leaving school he joined Telegraphen-Bataillon Nr. 3 in Koblenz as a Fahnenjunker (cadet officer). In mid-1914 he transferred to the Fliegertruppe. His training took from May to August at the Halberstädter Fliegerschule, and he was then immediately posted to active duty.
He was initially posted to Fliegerabteilung 13. He transferred to Fliegerabteilung 62 in April 1915, based at Douai. The observer in Bölcke's crew shot down the first enemy aircraft on July 4, 1915. In the same month, Bölcke and Max Immelmann became the first German fighter pilots, being given the first two Fokker E-I aircraft, fitted with a synchronized forward-firing machinegun. Bölcke won his first aerial combat on August 19, 1915, downed four more enemy aircraft before the end of the year and had four more 'kills' in January 1916. Also in January 1916 he and Immelmann were the first German fliers to be awarded the "Blue Max". After Immelmann was killed in June 1916, Bölcke became the top German ace. In March 1916 Bölcke was made leader of the newly formed Fliegerabteilung Sivery and led them in action over Verdun.
The German air force (Luftstreitkräfte) was reorganized in mid-1916 and Bölcke was appointed commander of his hand-picked group of Jagdstaffel Nr. 2, usually called Jasta 2, in September. Of his first choice pilots were Manfred von Richthofen, Erwin Boehme and Hans Reimann. Initially flying the new biplane Albatros D.II over the Somme, Bölcke shot down eleven RFC planes in his first month with Jasta 2. His command always flew in large disciplined formations and he repeatedly drilled them in tactics, the Dicta Bölcke. He is sometimes called the father of the German fighter airforce.
Bölcke was killed when his Albatros D.II collided with that of Boehme during a dog fight with DH.2s flown by No. 24 Squadron RFC. He had forty successes to his credit. Boehme survived the collision but was horrified and had to be prevented from committing suicide.
