Nikolaas Tinbergen

Nikolaas Tinbergen (April 15, 1907 - December 21, 1988) was a noted ethologist and ornithologist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Karl Von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns. Born in The Hague, Netherlands, he is also noted as the brother of Jan Tinbergen, who won the first Nobel Prize in Economics. He had a third eminent brother, Function: how does the behaviour impact on the animal's chances of survival and reproduction?

1. Causation: what are the stimuli that elicit the response, and how has it been modified by recent learning?
2. Development: how does the behaviour change with age, and what early experiences are necessary for the behaviour to be shown?