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In telecommunication, network management is the execution of the set of functions required for controlling, planning, allocating, deploying, coordinating, and the resources of a telecommunications network, including performing functions such as initial network planning, frequency allocation, predetermined traffic routing to support load balancing, cryptographic key distribution authorization, configuration management, fault management, security management, performance management, and user terminal equipment.
Source: from Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188
See also FCAPS.