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Mono is the name of an open source project by Ximian to create an ECMA Standard compliant (Ecma-334 and Ecma-335), .NET compatible set of tools, including a C# compiler, a Common Language Runtime, and more, all to run on GNU/Linux, UNIX, Mac OS X, and Windows based computers. While Microsoft made a version of .NET available for FreeBSD called Rotor, Ximian and others believe that Microsoft's shared source license is not really Free Software and is insufficient for the Free Software community.
Version 1.0 of Mono was released on June 30, 2004.
A similar project, called Portable.NET, is part of the DotGNU project.