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MGB stood for Ministerstvo Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti (Министерство государственной безопасности) - Ministry of State Security, in the USSR.
It was a predecessor of the KGB (secret police).
In March 1953, Lavrenty Beria united the MVD and MGB into one body, the MVD.
This month (July 2004) , the current FSB "is to be renamed the Ministry of State Security" (MGB), and is to "assume practically all functions of the Soviet-era KGB" - barring any presidential and legislative changes to the reform.