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Marxian theory is theory which intends to follow and expand upon Karl Marx's political philosophy, or at least from parts of it. To some, it is distinct from Marxism in that it does not lean entirely upon the work of Marx and other widely known Marxists (Lenin, Trotsky, etc.), but may draw from a range of Marxist and non-Marxist sources. However, for others, the distinction between "Marxist" and "Marxian" is totally academic, not to mention non-mnemonic.
See Marxism.