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The many-body problem is usually posed in quantum mechanics, as the question of solving for more complex problems than the hydrogen atom — for example, the chemistry of all realistic molecules.
"It would indeed be remarkable if Nature fortified herself against further advances in knowledge behind the analytical difficulties of the many-body problem." (Max Born, 1960)
Many-body problem may be defined as the study of the effects of interaction between bodies on the behaviour of a many-body system. One of the preferred methods for solving the problem is simply to ignore it, i.e., pretend there is no interactions present.
Another approach is the canonical transformation technique.