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The Malay language, through its history also experiences pidginization and creolization processes. It occurred mostly by inter-islands trading and interractions where people from various ethnic groups, languages and background meet.
Malay, particularly in Eastern Indonesia was brought by trading and missionary, particularly during Dutch colonization for more than 3 centuries.
As the result, for daily speaking Malay has been creolized with many European languages influences (specially Dutch and Portuguese) as well as local languages surroundings.
The creoles are based on Malay, but highly influenced by European and indigenous structures, as examples :
In pronunciation, the creolized Malays are also influenced by local phonological systems and in Eastern Indonesia, nasalization and simplification are common, such as :
There are several varieties of Malay Creoles which scattered through Indonesia :
It is a creolized-Malay which is spoken in Jakarta and its surroundings. Betawian or Omong Betawi is based on Bazar Malay (Melayu Pasar) but influenced by various languages as Javanese, Sundanese for the area is surrounded by Sundanese speaking area, Chinese, Portuguese, Dutch, Balinese and other ones. Betawian creole begun to be used after 1750 in Batavia, and replaced Portuguese creole as lingua franca.
Betawian Malay is also formed by Chinese-style Malay spoken by Chinese settlers who came earlier and it also highly influenced Betawian Malay's development.
Now it becomes very popular speech particularly among younger generations in Indonesia for it is popularized through television (such as sinetron or sitcom).
Betawian Malay is divided into two main dialects
Originally spoken within Jakarta with the typical strong e like (ada becomes ade)
Originally spoken in suburban Jakarta, Tangerang Banten, Bogor and Bekasi, West Java. It has got strong a like (ada, pronounced adah).
Other Betawi Udik variant is called Betawi Ora which highly influenced by Javanese.
There is also a significant Chinese community who lives around Manado Malay is another creole which spoken as lingua franca, particularly in Manado and Minahasa, North Sulawesi. It is based on Malay and highly influenced by Dutch, Minahasa languages and some Spanish words.
Examples :
Sentences :
It is resemble to Manado Malay, but with different accent and some vocabularies. Spoken in Ternate, Tidore and Halmahera islands, North Maluku for intergroup communications. Also spoken in North Maluku. Distinct either to Ambonese or Ternate Malay.
Spoken as lingua franca in Larantuka, East Flores, East Nusa Tenggara. Based on Malay and distinct to Kupang Malay.
While other parts of Flores island tend to speak standard Bahasa Indonesia, though in Sikka and some community in Larantuka also speak some Portuguese particularly in religious matters. It can be heard in Tuan Ma rituals in Larantuka.
Example :
Spoken in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara West-end of Timor Island. It is based on archaic Malay which mixed mostly with Dutch, Portuguese and Maluku). It was the first time Malay transliterated into Roman script and used as missionary tools in Eastern Indonesia. Malay had been taught in schools and churches in Ambon, since that, Malay has become a lingua franca in Ambon and its surroundings.
Christian speakers use Ambonese Malay as their mother tongue, meanwhile Muslims speak it as second language for they have got their own language. Muslims in Ambon island particularly live in several areas in Municipality of Ambon, dominant in Salahutu and Leihitu Peninsula. While in Lease (pron : LAY-AH-SAY) islands, Christian Ambonese-speaking community is dominant in part of Haruku , Saparua and Nusa Laut islands. Ambonese Malay Creole is also become lingua franca in Buru, Seram, Geser-Gorom and South-West Maluku islands, though with different accents.
Ambonese Malay is based on Malay with high influences from European languages (Dutch and Portuguese) as well as indigenous ones either vocabularies or grammatical structures. It is very famous for its melodious accent. Muslims and Christian speakers tend to be different in vocabulary choice.
Examples :
Ambonese word samples
A distinct variant of Moluccan Malay. Spoken in Banda islands, Maluku and it has specific accents. Different to Ambonese Malay and for Ambonese, Bandanese Malay heards funny for its uniqueness.
Example :
It is a contact language among tribes in Indonesian New Guinea (Papua and West Irian Jaya), for trading and daily communication. Papuan or Irian had declared Malay as their unifying language since 1926 prior to Sumpah Pemuda declaration. Nowadays, they tend to speak more formally Bahasa Indonesia. This variant is also understood in Vanimo, Papua New Guinea near Indonesian border.
Example :
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