M1 Helmet
The M1 steel helmet was used by the United States military for over 40 years. It was introduced officially during the Second World War in 1941 to replace the M1917A brodie or doughboy helmet but saw little action until 1942. The M1 was phased out during the 1980s in favour of the Kevlar helmet. During its time in service it became one of the most iconic symbols of the American soldier.
The M1 is made from two seperate parts, the "steel pot" and the liner. The "steel pot" or shell is the metal outer part of the helmet. The liner fits inside the shell. The liner contains the suspension that ensures the helmet fits comfortably to the wearer's head. Worn alone, the liner can look very much like a full helmet. The liner is much lighter in weight and more flimsy than the outer shell. During the service life of the M1 helmet, the steel pot changed very little whilst the liner was constantly evolving.
The design of the M1 led to some novel uses. When the pot was seperated from the liner it became a useful cooking pot, washbasin, bucket, shovel, seat and even a latrine.
The M1 helmet is extremely popular with collectors, particularly WWII collectors and helmets from this period are generally more valuable. Vast quantities of M1 helmets (approximately 22 million) were produced during the war and they are still easy to find. Helmets with rare or unusual markings or some kind of documented history tend to be more expensive. This is particularly true of paratroopers' helmets, whose modified jump helmets are known as the M1C and M2 Helmet.
The Shell
The shell or steel pot of the M1 changed very little during its time in service. The bulk of the helmet shell is constructed from a single piece of pressed steel. The rim edge of the shell has a crimped metal band running around it, which provides a clean edge. This is usually known as the "rim". The metal band of the rim material has a seam where the ends of the strip meet. On the earliest shells the seam meets at the front. This was moved to the back of the rim in 1943. On each side of the helmet shell there are rectangular, metal chinstrap loops know as "bales". The bales were originally fixed to the inside edge of the pot and could not move. These were soon replaced by hinged or swivel bales, when they were found to break off easily. Fixed bale helmets were produced until 1943. Chinstraps were attached to the bales using a variety of methods, begining in WWII with a simple sewn-on strap. Post-war chinstraps were attached using metal clips.
The Liner
The liner is made from many parts. The outer part is shaped to fit neatly into the steel shell. The various elements of the suspension system are rivetted inside it. The suspension is made from strips of webbing material stretching around and across the inside of the liner. A sweatband is mounted onto these, which is adjusted to fit around the head of the wearer. Liners also have their own chinstrap made from brown leather. The liner chinstrap is snapped or rivetted directly to the inside of the liner and does not have bales like the shell chinstrap. The liner chinstrap is usually seen looped over the brim of the shell and helps to keep the shell in place when its own chinstraps aren't in use.
The first liners were made from compressed paper fibres. These proved much too fragile in combat and were replaced by plastic liners. During the same period the original silver Rayon suspension material was phased out in favour of khaki cotton. After WWII the cotton was changed from khaki or Olive Drab #3 to green known as Olive Drab #7. Much later, liners switched to using stronger synthetic webbing and had improved neck support.
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