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Liu is a Chinese family name. The transliteration Liu can represent several Chinese characters, the family names 劉 (刘 in Simplified Chinese) (Lau in Cantonese), 柳, 留 and 六. In Cantonese transliteration, Liu is yet another name, 廖.
劉 is an extremely popular name, as it was used by the ruling family of the Han Dynasty - a high point in the history of China.