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Regions are the largest territories of local government in New Zealand. Twelve of the regions have a regional council and are further divided into districts and cities governed by territorial authorities, which are correspondingly district councils or city councils. However, there are four unitary authorities and one territory which is considered a separate region (the Chatham Islands) due to its isolation.
Regional authorities are primarily responsible for environmental management, including water, contaminant discharge and coastal management, river and lake management including flood and drainage control, regional land management; regional transport (including public transport), biosecurity or pest management; while territorial authorities are responsible for: local-level land use management (urban and rural planning); network utility services such as water, sewerage, stormwater and solid waste management; local roads; libraries; parks and reserves; and community development. Property rates (land taxes) are used to fund both regional and territorial government activities. There is often a high degree of co-operation between regional and local councils as both have complementary roles.
Local Government Regions, roughly in north to south order:
ISO 3166-2-codes for each can be found in ISO 3166-2:NZ.