List of commonly confused homonyms

This is a list of commonly confused homonyms including both homophones – words which have the same pronunciation – and homographs – words which are spelled the same.

English

• accept: tolerate
  except: everything but

• add: put together with
  ad: short for "advertisement"

• allowed: permitted
  aloud: audibly

• allot: to distribute, allocate
  a lot: much; many (a lot of)

• allusion: indirect reference
  elusion: evasion
  elution: separation by washing
  illusion: a distortion of sensory perception

• bare: naked, exposed; very little (bare necessities)
  bear: as a noun, a large mammal (e.g. American Black Bear); as a verb, to carry something ("to bear arms"), to endure ("I can't bear it"), or to give birth to (bear fruit)

• boy: a male adolescent or child; an exclamation "oh boy"
  buoy: (noun) a floating marker in the sea; (verb, often "buoy up") to keep afloat, to sustain or encourage (the soldiers were buoyed up by letters from home) (pronounced boy in the UK, but in the US is either homophonous with "boy" or pronounced with two syllables to rhyme with "chewy")
  bhoy: a house servant for families in India (borrowed from the English word "boy")

• bow: (rhymes with 'cow'): The front section of a ship or boat; a gesture made by bending forward at the waist
  bough: (rhymes with 'cow') A tree branch, especially a large or main branch.
  bow: (rhymes with 'go'): A weapon made of a curved stick whose ends are connected by a string, used for shooting arrows; a type of knot with two loops

• bridal: pertaining to a bride (bridal gown, bridal suite)
  bridle: (noun) part of a horse's tack around its neck and head; (verb) to appear offended or proud

• capital: punishable by death (capital crime); upper-case letter; the principal town or city (Paris is the capital of France); wealth, money (capital gains tax), as an exclamation: "excellent"
  Capitol: the home of the US Congress and some other legislatures

• chord: group of musical notes; anything that can be "struck" (It struck a sensitive chord)
  cord: rope; long electrical line; vertebral column
  cored: having the inside cut out, like an apple

cawed: past tense of "to caw" - to make a raucous noise

• choux (pronounced as shoe): plural of chou, as used in choux pastry
  shoe: footwear
  shoo: exclamation used for scaring things away

• compliment: a praising or flattering remark given to someone; to give such a remark
  complement: something that completes something else; to complete (something)

• discreet: means tactful or diplomatic
  discrete: means separate or distinct

• do: conduct or carry out something
  do (to rhyme with doe) / doh: the first note of the solfege scale
  doe: a deer (a female deer); also female of various other species (by extension)
  d'oh!: an annoyed grunt
  dough: a moistened mass of flour used to make bread; slang term for money

• dyeing: artificially coloring
  dying: passing away

• effect: ramification: cause and effect; sound effect (as a noun); bring about (effect change) (as a verb)
  affect: have an effect on; pretentiously display (affect a British accent); emotion (in psychology and psychiatry).

• fa / fah: the fourth note of the solfege scale
  far: distant (In non-rhotic dialects, these are homonyms.)

• fairy: imaginary small person with special powers (often homophonous with "ferry" in the US)
  ferry: boat for carrying people or vehicles short distances on water

• faze: to temporarily stop or shock (It didn't even faze them)
  phase: a stage through which one goes

• flaw: defect (homonymous with floor in non-rhotic dialects)
  floor: a level; lower surface of a room; the area of a legilsative building members speak from, so "to take/hold the floor"; to knock to the ground; to confound someone
  yeasty growth that forms on sherry after fermentation.

• formerly
  formally (These are not homonyms to most speakers of English, but are homonyms in some non-rhotic dialects, including "Received Pronunciation".)

• hair: an outgrowth of the epidermis in mammals (e.g. human facial hair); similar structures on plants
  hare: (noun) a swift, long-eared mammal which, along with rabbits, forms the family Leporidae; (verb) to dash or sprint ("I hared around the kitchen")
  Herr: the title meaning "Mr." for a man from Germany or Austria

• hay: grass cut and dried for animal feed
  hay: the choke of an artichoke
  hey: an exclamation used to draw attention, "Hey! Over here!"; a greeting
  hey or hay: a kind of country dance
  heigh: in the phrase "heigh-ho" expressing weariness or disappointment
  Hay: the surname of William Howard Hay, creator of the Hay diet; a place in New South Wales
  Haye: a place in hei-tiki

• here: this place (opposed to there)
  hear: sense with the ears; also in the phrase "Hear! Hear!" for strong agreement

• high: opposite of low; elevated, far above the ground; under the influence of drugs
  hi: a greeting; shortened from "high" as part of hi-fi or movie lyric "heigh-ho, heigh-ho, it's off to work we go"
  jai: as in jai alai

• hoard: to accumulate and store up as much of something as one can
  horde: large group of warriors, mob
  hoared: old, mouldy, fusty
  whored: past tense of "to whore" - to act as a prostitute

• imminent
  imanent (Some speakers (perhaps 10%) of USA-English also pronounce eminent like these two.)

• its: belonging to it (analogous to my, your, his, her, our, their)
  it's: contraction for "it is" (analogous to I'm, you're, he's, she's, we're, they're) or "it has" (analogous to I've, you've, he's, she's, we've, they've)

• key: instrument used to open locks; a guide to symbols, especially on maps; the essential element "the key to his success"; a range of musical notes "try it in a lower key"; a button or lever on piano or computer keyboards
  key: a low island or sandbank, the Florida Keys
  quay: pronounced as key in the UK, as key, kay or kway in the US; a wharf, a structure built out into water for the ease of loading and unloading vessels
  cay: a West Indian word for an island, as in the novel The Cay
  ki: another name for the Hawai'ian plant ti

• lam: US slang: "on the lam" means "on the run"
  lamb: a young sheep

• lama: priest (for example the Dalai Lama)
  llama: camelid mammal

• law: legal rule
  lore: old story often not written down

• lead: pronounced to rhyme with "seed", to guide or serve as the head of
  lead: pronounced to rhyme with "head", a heavy metal
  led: the past tense of "lead"
  leed: a copper kettle; a cauldron
• lede: the opening in a piece of journalist's copy (also spelled "lead")

• leek: a vegetable of the onion family which is the national emblem of Wales
  leak: a hole which allows a gas or liquid to escape; confidential information sent to journalists to expose some issue (the leak came from within the White House itself); slang for urination
  Leek: places in England and the Netherlands

• lock: a mechanical device for securing doors or canals; also the act of using such a device (verb); a tuft of human hair
  loch: a lake or bay, usually in Scotland or Ireland (Loch Ness)
  Lok: alternative name for Loki, the Norse god of mischief
  Locke: the surname of early liberal philosopher John Locke

• mail: items sent through the postal service; armor
  male: opposite of female

• mantle: one of the layers of the Earth; a cloak (by metaphorical extension, special position or role held)
  mantel: over the fireplace

• medal: an award to be strung around the neck
  meddle: stick one's nose into others' affairs
  metal: shiny, malleable element or alloy like silver, gold, iron, zinc, tin, copper, bronze or brass
  mettle: toughness, guts
  Note that the first two of these are only homonyms of the second two in North American accents.

• me: personal pronoun
  me: a concept in Sumerian mythology
  me / mi: the third note of the solfege scale

• morning: the time between midnight and midday
  mourning: period of grieving after the death of a relative, friend or public figure, clothing worn at this time (e.g. mourning dove)

• muscle: one of the parts of the body used to move
  mussel: a bivalve popular as seafood

• past: time before now (past, present and future); beyond; after the hour (three past nine = 9:03); former (in her past life)
  passed: past tense of "to pass"

• parse: to break down into component parts (e.g. for analysis)
  pars: the acts of scoring a par in golf; also plural of "par"
  parrs: plural of "parr" - a young salmonid fish

• piece: portion
  peace: opposite of war; quietness (peace of mind) or silence (speak now or forever keep your peace)

• peak: tip, height, to reach its highest point, a mountain
  peek: to take a brief look, usually through a thin aperture (sneak peek)
  pique: fit of anger; to incite (pique one's interest)

• paw: a mammal's foot
  poor: impoverished; also, to be pitied (Poor Peter!), also bad (poor quality)
  pore: a hole in the skin; to go over with great focus (pore over)
  pour: to run out (said of liquid); to rain heavily

• principal: can be a noun or an adjective, a person of primary importance
  principle: a noun: it cannot be an adjective, a fundamental rule or law

• rack: a long, open container with a rectangular frame (spice rack); one's upper body; to torture (verb) or an instrument of torture (noun)
  wrack: to destroy, a shipwreck, commonly found in the phrase "to go to wrack and ruin"
  Note: In British English, only the first spelling should be used in the phrase "to rack one's brains"; in American English the second spelling is also acceptable in this context; the meaning of "rack" in this phrase is related to the rack as an instrument of torture

• rain: water falling from the sky
  reign: to rule; hold the position as monarch
  rein: the strip used to control a horse; anything that restrains; to restrain anything by pulling in its irrational exuberance (pull the reins in on)
  Rayne: a city in Louisiana

• raise: to increase
  raze: to destroy, to obliterate: "the town was razed to the ground by the fire"
  rays: beams of light or energy (sun's rays, X-rays, gamma rays, etc.); cartilaginous fishes
  Reyes: as in Point Reyes

• ray: a beam of light
  ray: a type of fish
  ray / re: the second note of the solfege scale
  re: with reference to
  Re / Ra(h): an Egyptian god.
  rah: a short form of "hurrah"

• reek: to stink
  wreak: to bring about (wreak havoc)
  reak: a rush (plant), or a prank

• rest: sit down without doing anything active; the remainder
  wrest: to struggle to extricate something (wrest it out of his hands)

• retch: to vomit
  wretch: a person in a miserable condition; a person of bad character

• right: the direction opposite to left; correct; something a person must have his/her choice to do respected (the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness); straight or directly (went right to his heart)
  write: to put down in letters; send a letter to (Write me soon!)
  rite: ritual, ceremony (rites of passage)
  wright: connected with other words to mean someone who constructs (playwright, scenewright, wheelwright)

• ring: piece of jewelry; make a sound like a bell or telephone, or tinnitus in the ears; anything shaped like a circle or torus (like the rings in a bathtub); sound familiarly like (that rings of fascism)
  wring: strangle (wring his neck), squeeze and twist (wring the water out of laundry)

• row (rhymes with "go"): to pull a boat through the water with oars
  row (rhymes with "cow"): a fuss or a fight
  roe: fish eggs (such as caviar); a deer (the roebuck)
  Roe: pseudonym used in court cases for women having or seeking abortions (most famously in Roe v. Wade)
  rho: letter of the Greek alphabet equivalent to R
  Ro: a constructed language based on categorization

• seem: appear to
  seam: a join; a line of stitches that holds two pieces together

• shear: trim, remove; strain
  sheer: absolute, very steep; swerve

• sight: vision
  site: place, grounds; place in cyberspace
  cite: quote or make a reference to; write a ticket

• so: likewise; therefore; to such a degree
  so or soh: the fifth note of the solfege scale
  sow (pronounced as so): to scatter seeds
  sew (pronounced as so): join together or stitch
  sew (pronounced as sue): to drain (as the root of sewage)
  Sioux (pronounced as sue): Native American tribe
  sou (pronounced as sue): a French five-centime coin; any small amount of money
  sous (pronounced as sue): French for under, as in sous-chef - a subordinate chef
  sue: to prosecute or petition for
  xu (pronounced as sue): a Vietnamese monetary unit, 1/100 of a dong
  sow (to rhyme with cow): a female pig

• some: a few
  sum: what you get when you add numbers; short for summarize (sum up)

• soul: spirit; mellow African-American music style
  sole: single and only; the surface of the bottom of the foot; flat fish like flounder, petrale or halibut
  Seoul: the capital of South Korea
  Sol: the solar system we live in

• tail: appendage of most mammals
  tale: a story

• tea: a tree and the drink produced from its leaves
  tee: a support for the ball in golf
  ti / te: the seventh note of the solfege scale
  ti: a Polynesian tree similar to the taro

• tear (rhymes with fear): a drop of fluid which falls from the eyes when weeping or crying
  tear (rhymes with fare): rip; to run extremely fast, jolt, bolt, dart
  tare: dry measure of grains; payment in wheat; adjustment to a weighing device
  tier: layer or level

• their: belonging to them
  there: that place (opposed to here); also used to start sentences that denote indication of the existence of something (There is a casserole in the fridge; There were many problems with her To Kill a Mockingbird essay; There are no anarchists in the White House)
  they're: contraction for "they are"

• therefore: thus, ergo (I think therefore I am)
  therefor: for the aforementioned thing or purpose; for that (similar to thereof, thereby, therefrom, thereagainst, etc.)

• to: towards or headed for; in order to; used before the infinitive of verbs
  too: also; excessively
  two: the number 2
  tui: the parson bird
  tout: French word meaning "all", as in mange-tout

• waste: to use up for something pointless; sewage (toxic waste)
  waist: the line that goes across the middle of your body
  weighest: archaic second person singular of the verb "to weigh" (thou weighest)

• weather: the meteorological conditions; to survive some wear and tear
  whether: if something is so or not
  wether: a male sheep (The bellwether was the ram who led the herd, and carried a bell around his neck to signal the front of the herd coming.)

• wet: to dampen; damp
  whet: to sharpen (a knife, one's appetite)

• whose: belonging to whom
  who's: contraction for "who is" or "who has"

• your: belonging to you (analogous to my, his, her, its, our, their
  you're: contraction for "you are" (analogous to I'm, he's, she's, it's, we're, they're)
  yore: time long ago, a bygone age ("the days of yore")
• yaw: swerve (usually of a ship or a spacecraft)

Japanese

• 萩村 - Hagimura, a person's name
• 荻村 - Ogimura, a person's name

See also

• Misspelling
• List of English homographs
• List of English words with frequent misuse
• List of common misspellings in English