List of adjectival forms of place names
The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalent.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural form. Singular forms simply remove the final
's' or, in the case or '-ese' endings, are the same as the plural form. The French termination of '-ois' is both the singular and plural masculine; the termination '-oise' makes it singular feminine; '-oises' makes it plural feminine.
Nations
(Currently extant nations)
| Nation |
Adjective |
Demonym |
| Afghanistan |
Afghan |
Afghans |
| Albania |
Albanian |
Albanians |
| Algeria |
Algerian |
Algerians |
| American Samoa |
American Samoan |
American Samoans |
| Andorra |
Andorran |
Andorrans |
| Angola |
Angolan |
Angolans |
| Anguilla |
Anguillan |
Anguillans |
| Antigua |
Antiguan |
Antiguans |
| Argentina |
Argentinian or Argentine |
Argentinians or Argentines |
| Armenia |
Armenian |
Armenians |
| Australia |
Australian |
Australians |
| Austria |
Austrian |
Austrians |
| Azerbaijan |
Azerbaijani |
Azerbaijanis |
| Bahamas |
Bahamian |
Bahamians |
| Bahrain |
Bahraini |
Bahrainis |
| Bangladesh |
Bangladeshi |
Bangladeshis |
| Barbados |
Barbadian or Bajan (colloquial) |
Barbadians or Bajans (colloquial) |
| Barbuda |
Barbudan |
Barbudans |
| Belarus |
Belarusian |
Belarusians |
| Belgium |
Belgian |
Belgians |
| Belize |
Belizean |
Belizeans |
| Benin |
Beninese or Beninois |
Beninese or Beninois |
| Bermuda |
Bermudian |
Bermudians |
| Bhutan |
Bhutanese |
Bhutanese |
| Bolivia |
Bolivian |
Bolivians |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Bosnian, Herzegovinian |
Bosnians, Herzegovinians |
| Botswana |
Motswana (plural: Batswana) |
Motswana (plural: Batswana) |
| Brazil |
Brazilian |
Brazilians |
| British Virgin Islands |
British Virgin Islander |
British Virgin Islanders |
| Brunei |
Bruneian |
Bruneians |
| Bulgaria |
Bulgarian |
Bulgarians |
| Burkina Faso(1) |
Burkinabe |
Burkinabe |
| Burundi |
Burundian |
Burundians |
| Cambodia |
Cambodian |
Cambodians |
| Cameroon |
Cameroonian |
Cameroonians |
| Canada |
Canadian |
Canadians, Canucks (colloquial, sometimes offensive) |
| Cape Verde |
Cape Verdean |
Cape Verdeans |
| Cayman Islands |
Caymanian |
Caymanians |
| Central African Republic |
Central African |
Central Africans |
| Chad |
Chadian |
Chadians |
| Chile |
Chilean |
Chileans |
| China |
Chinese |
Chinese |
| Christmas Island |
Christmas Island |
Christmas Islanders |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
Cocos Islander |
Cocos Islanders |
| Colombia |
Colombian |
Colombians |
| Comoros |
Comoran |
Comorans |
| Congo (Kinshasha & Brazzaville) |
Congolese or Congo |
Congolese |
| Cook Islands |
Cook Islander |
Cook Islanders |
| Costa Rica |
Costa Rican |
Costa Ricans |
| Côte d'Ivoire |
Ivorian |
Ivorians |
| Croatia |
Croatian |
Croatians or Croats |
| Cuba |
Cuban |
Cubans |
| Cyprus |
Cypriot |
Cypriots |
| Czech Republic |
Czech |
Czechs |
| Denmark |
Danish |
Danes |
| Dominica |
Dominican |
Dominicans |
| Dominican Republic |
Dominican |
Dominicans |
| East Timor |
Timorese |
Timorese |
| Ecuador |
Ecuadorian |
Ecuadorians |
| Egypt |
Egyptian |
Egyptians |
| El Salvador |
Salvadoran |
Salvadorans |
| England |
English |
Englishman or Englishwoman ; English (collective) |
| Equatorial Guinea |
Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean |
Equatorial Guineans or Equatoguineans |
| Eritrea |
Eritrean |
Eritreans |
| Estonia |
Estonian |
Estonians |
| Ethiopia |
Ethiopian |
Ethiopians |
| Falkland Islands |
Falkland Island |
Falkland Islanders |
| Fiji |
Fijian |
Fijians |
| Finland |
Finnish |
Finns |
| France |
French |
Frenchman or Frenchwoman ; French (collective) |
| French Guiana |
French Guianese |
French Guianese |
| French Polynesia |
French Polynesian |
French Polynesian |
| Gabon |
Gabonese |
Gabonese |
| Gambia |
Gambian |
Gambians |
| Georgia |
Georgian |
Georgians |
| Germany |
German |
Germans |
| Ghana |
Ghanaian |
Ghanaians |
| Gibraltar |
Gibraltar |
Gibraltarians |
| Great Britain |
British |
Briton ; British (collective) |
| Greece |
Greek, Grecian (rare) |
Greeks, Grecians (archaic) |
| Greenland |
Greenlandic |
Greenlanders |
| Grenada |
Grenadian |
Grenadians |
| Guadeloupe |
Guadeloupe |
Guadeloupians |
| Guam |
Guamanian |
Guamanians |
| Guatemala |
Guatemalan |
Guatemalans |
| Guernsey |
Channel Islander |
Channel Islanders |
| Guinea |
Guinean |
Guineans |
| Guinea-Bissau |
Guinean |
Guineans |
| Guyana |
Guyanese |
Guyanese |
| Haiti |
Haitian |
Haitians |
| Honduras |
Honduran |
Hondurans |
| Hungary |
Hungarian |
Hungarians |
| Iceland |
Icelandic |
Icelanders |
| India |
Indian |
Indians |
| Indonesia |
Indonesian |
Indonesians |
| Iran |
Iranian |
Iranians |
| Iraq |
Iraqi |
Iraqis |
| Ireland |
Irish |
Irishman or Irishwoman ; Irish (collective) |
| Isle of Man |
Manx |
Manxman or Manxwoman |
| Israel |
Israeli |
Israelis |
| Italy |
Italian |
Italians |
| Jamaica |
Jamaican |
Jamaicans |
| Japan |
Japanese |
Japanese |
| Jordan |
Jordanian |
Jordanians |
| Kazakhstan |
Kazakhstani |
Kazakhstanis |
| Kenya |
Kenyan |
Kenyans |
| Kiribati |
I-Kiribati |
I-Kiribati |
| Korea, North |
North Korean |
North Koreans |
| Korea, South |
South Korean |
South Koreans |
| Kuwait |
Kuwaiti |
Kuwaitis |
| Kyrgyzstan |
Kyrgyzstani |
Kyrgyzstanis |
| Laos |
Laotian or Lao |
Laotians or Laos |
| Latvia |
Latvian |
Latvians |
| Lebanon |
Lebanese |
Lebanese |
| Lesotho |
Basotho |
Mosotho (plural: Basotho) |
| Liberia |
Liberian |
Liberians |
| Libya |
Libyan |
Libyans |
| Liechtenstein |
Liechtenstein |
Liechtensteiners |
| Lithuania |
Lithuanian |
Lithuanians |
| Luxembourg |
Luxembourg |
Luxembourger |
| Macau |
Chinese |
Chinese |
| Macedonia |
Macedonian |
Macedonians |
| Madagascar |
Malagasy |
Malagasy |
| Malawi |
Malawian |
Malawians |
| Malaysia |
Malaysian |
Malaysians |
| Maldives |
Maldivian |
Maldivians |
| Mali |
Malian |
Malians |
| Malta |
Maltese |
Maltese |
| Marshall Islands |
Marshallese |
Marshallese |
| Martinique |
Martiniquais |
Martiniquais |
| Mauritania |
Mauritanian |
Mauritanians |
| Mauritius |
Mauritian |
Mauritians |
| Mayotte |
Mahoran |
Mahorais |
| Mexico |
Mexican |
Mexicans |
| Micronesia |
Micronesian |
Micronesians |
| Moldova |
Moldovan |
Moldovans |
| Monaco |
Monegasque or Monacan |
Monegasques or Monacans |
| Mongolia |
Mongolian |
Mongolians |
| Montserrat |
Montserratian |
Montserratians |
| Morocco |
Moroccan |
Moroccans |
| Mozambique |
Mozambican |
Mozambicans |
| Myanmar (2) |
Myanmari |
??? |
| Namibia |
Namibian |
Namibians |
| Nepal |
Nepali |
Nepalese |
| Netherlands |
Dutch |
Dutchman or Dutchwoman ; Dutch (collective) |
| Netherlands Antilles |
Dutch Antillean |
Dutch Antilleans |
| New Caledonia |
New Caledonian |
New Caledonians |
| New Zealand |
New Zealand |
New Zealanders or Kiwis (colloquial) |
| Nicaragua |
Nicaraguan |
Nicaraguans |
| Niger |
Nigerien |
Nigeriens |
| Nigeria |
Nigerian |
Nigerians |
| Norway |
Norwegian |
Norwegian |
| Oman |
Omani |
Omanis |
| Pakistan |
Pakistani |
Pakistanis |
| Panama |
Panamanian |
Panamanians |
| Papua New Guinea |
Papua New Guinean or Papuan |
Papua New Guineans or Papuans |
| Paraguay |
Paraguayan |
Paraguayans |
| Peru |
Peruvian |
Peruvians |
| Philippines |
Philippine |
Filipinos or Filipinas |
| Pitcairn Island |
Pitcairn Islander |
Pitcairn Islanders |
| Poland |
Polish |
Poles |
| Portugal |
Portuguese |
Portuguese |
| Puerto Rico |
Puerto Rican |
Puerto Ricans or Boricuas |
| Qatar |
Qatari |
Qataris |
| Réunion |
Réunionese |
Réunionese |
| Romania |
Romanian |
Romanians |
| Russia |
Russian |
Russians |
| Rwanda |
Rwandan |
Rwandans |
| Saint Helena |
Saint Helenian |
Saint Helenians |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis |
Kittitian or Nevisian |
Kittitians or Nevisians |
| Saint Lucia |
Saint Lucian |
Saint Lucians |
| Saint-Pierre and Miquelon |
Saint-Pierrais or Miquelonnais |
Saint-Pierrais or Miquelonnais (singular same for each) |
| Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines |
Saint Vincentian or Vincentian |
Saint Vincentians or Vincentians |
| Samoa |
Samoan |
Samoans |
| San Marino |
Sammarinese |
Sammarinese |
| São Tomé and Príncipe |
São Toméan |
São Toméans |
| Saudi Arabia |
Saudi or Saudi Arabian |
Saudis or Saudi Arabians |
| Scotland |
Scottish or Scots |
Scots, Scotsman or Scotswoman |
| Senegal |
Senegalese |
Senegalese |
| Serbia and Montenegro |
Serbian or Montenegrin |
Serbs or Montenegrins |
| Seychelles |
Seychellois |
Seychellois |
| Sierra Leone |
Sierra Leonean |
Sierra Leoneans |
| Singapore |
Singapore |
Singaporeans |
| Slovakia |
Slovak |
Slovaks |
| Slovenia |
Slovenian |
Slovenes |
| Solomon Islands |
Solomon Islander |
Solomon Islanders |
| Somalia |
Somali |
Somalis |
| South Africa |
South African |
South Africans |
| Spain |
Spanish |
Spaniards |
| Sri Lanka |
Sri Lankan |
Sri Lankans |
| Sudan |
Sudanese |
Sudanese |
| Surinam |
Surinamese |
Surinamers |
| Swaziland |
Swazi |
Swazis |
| Sweden |
Swedish |
Swedes |
| Switzerland |
Swiss |
Swiss |
| Syria |
Syrian |
Syrians |
| Taiwan |
Taiwanese |
Taiwanese |
| Tajikistan |
Tajikistani |
Tajikistanis |
| Tanzania |
Tanzanian |
Tanzanians |
| Thailand |
Thai |
Thai |
| Togo |
Togolese |
Togolese |
| Tonga |
Tongan |
Tongans |
| Trinidad and Tobago |
Trinidadian or Tobagonian |
Trinidadians or Tobagonians |
| Tunisia |
Tunisian |
Tunisians |
| Turkey |
Turkish |
Turks |
| Turkmenistan |
Turkmen |
Turkmens |
| Turks and Caicos Islands |
none |
none |
| Tuvalu |
Tuvaluan |
Tuvaluans |
| Uganda |
Ugandan |
Ugandans |
| Ukraine |
Ukrainian |
Ukrainians |
| United Arab Emirates |
Emirati |
Emiratis |
| United Kingdom |
British |
Briton ; British (collective) |
| United States |
American or Union (3) |
Americans or Unionists; Yankees or Yanks
(colloquial) |
| Uruguay |
Uruguayan |
Uruguayans |
| Uzbekistan |
Uzbekistani |
Uzbekistanis |
| Vanuatu |
Ni-Vanuatu |
Ni-Vanuatu |
| Venezuela |
Venezuelan |
Venezuelans |
| Vietnam |
Vietnamese |
Vietnamese |
| Virgin Islands |
Virgin Islander |
Virgin Islanders |
| Wales |
Welsh |
Welshman or Welshwoman, Leek Eaters (offensive) |
| Wallis and Futuna |
Wallisian, Futunan, or Wallis and Futuna Islander |
Wallisians, Futunans, or Wallis and Futuna Islanders |
| Yemen |
Yemeni |
Yemenis |
| Zambia |
Zambian |
Zambians |
| Zimbabwe |
Zimbabwean |
Zimbabweans |
Cities
| City |
Adjective |
Demonym |
| Aberdeen, Scotland |
Aberdonian |
??? |
| Athens |
Athenian |
Athenians |
| Baltimore, Maryland, United States |
Baltimorean |
Baltimoreans |
| Baton Rouge, Louisiana |
Baton Rouge |
Baton Rougeans |
| Berlin |
Berlin |
Berliners |
| Birmingham, England |
Birminghamian |
Birminghamians or Brummies |
| Boston, Massachusetts |
|
Bostonian; Bean Towner (colloquial) |
| Brisbane, Australia |
Brisbane |
Brisbanites |
| Bristol, England |
Bristolian |
??? |
| Cambridge, England |
Cantabrigian |
??? |
| Canberra, Australia |
Canberra |
Canberrans |
| Chicago |
??? |
Chicagoans |
| Dallas |
??? |
Dallasites |
| Denver |
??? |
Denverites |
| Dublin |
??? |
Dubliners, Dubs (colloquial) |
| Fort Lauderdale |
|
Fort Lauderdaler, Fort Lauderdalian |
| Glasgow, Scotland |
Glaswegian |
??? |
| Halifax, Nova Scotia |
Haligonian |
Haligonians |
| Hamilton, Ontario |
Hamilton, Hamiltonian |
Hamiltonians |
| Honolulu |
|
Honolulan |
| Iqaluit, Nunavut |
|
Iqalummiut (sg. Iqalummiuq) |
| Jerusalem |
??? |
Jerusalemites |
| Liverpool, England |
Liverpudlian |
Liverpudlians or Scousers |
| London |
London |
Londoners |
| Los Angeles |
Los Angeles |
Angelenos |
| Madrid |
Madrilene |
Madrileños |
| Manchester, England |
Mancunian |
Mancs |
| Melbourne, Australia |
Melbourne |
Melburnians |
| Montreal |
Montreal, montréalais(e,es) |
Montrealers, Montréalais(e,es) |
| Naples, Italy |
Neapolitan |
Neapolitans |
| New Orleans |
New Orleans |
New Orleaners ; Yats (colloquial) |
| New York City |
New York |
New Yorker; Gothamite; Knickerbocker |
| Newcastle, Australia |
Novocastrian |
Novocastrians |
| Newcastle, England |
Novocastrian |
Novocastrians or Geordies |
| Okinawa, Japan |
Okinawan |
??? |
| Oxford, England |
Oxonian |
Oxonians (also graduates of Oxford University) |
| Paris |
Parisian |
Parisians |
| Portland, Oregon |
Portlandian |
Portlanders |
| Quebec City |
Quebec (English), Quebecois (franglais), québécois(e,es) (French) |
Quebeckers (English), Quebecers (English), Québécois(e,es) (French), often confounded with residents of the Province of
Quebec |
| Rio de Janeiro |
Carioca |
Cariocas |
| Rome |
Roman |
??? |
| Salt Lake City, Utah |
|
Salt Laker |
| Seattle |
Seattle |
Seattleites |
| Sydney, Australia |
Sydney |
Sydneysiders |
| Tokyo, Japan |
Tokyo |
Tokyoites |
| Toronto |
Toronto, Torontonian |
Torontonians |
| Trois-Rivières |
Trifluvien(ne,nnes), Trifluvian |
Trifluvien(nes,s), Trifluvians |
| Venice, Italy |
Venetian |
??? |
| Valencia, Spain |
Valencian |
??? |
| Victoria, Australia |
Victorian |
??? |
| Vienna |
Viennese |
??? |
U.S. states
Canadian provinces and territories
Australian states
Extinct nations & regions
Note: This chart includes: ancient civilisations, former
colonies, dissolved countries, renamed countries, annexed countries and seccessionist states, among others.
| Place name |
Adjective |
Demonym |
| Acadia |
Acadian |
Acadians |
| Argos |
Argive |
Argives |
| Austria-Hungary |
Austro-Hungarian |
Austro-Hungarians, Austrians, or Hungarians |
| Babylon |
Babylonian |
Babylonians |
| Burma |
Burmese |
Burmese |
| Carthage |
Carthaginian |
Carthaginians |
| Chechnya |
Chechnyan, Chechen |
Chechnyan, Chechen |
| Confederate States of America |
Confederate, CSA |
Confederates, Confederate Americans ; Rebels or Rebs
(colloquial) |
| Corinth |
Corinthian |
Corinthians |
| Crete |
Cretan |
Cretans |
| Czechoslovakia |
Czechoslovakian, Czechoslovak, Czech (wrong but common) |
Czechoslovakians, Czechs (sometimes wrong but common), Slovaks |
| Locris |
Locrian |
Locrians |
| Manchuria |
Manchurian |
Manchurians |
| Megara |
Megarian |
Megarians |
| Moldovia |
Moldovian |
Moldovians |
| Olympia |
Olympic |
Olympians |
| Persia |
Persian |
Persians |
| Phocis |
Phocian |
Phocians |
| Phrygia |
Phrygian |
Phrygians |
| Rhodes |
Rhodian |
Rhodians |
| Siam |
Siamese |
Siamese |
| Soviet Union |
Soviet |
Soviets |
| Sparta |
Spartan |
Spartans |
| Thebes |
Theban |
Thebans |
| Thessaly |
Thessalian |
Thessalians |
| Tibet |
Tibetan |
Tibetans |
| Transylvania |
Transylvanian |
Transylvanians |
| Troy |
Trojan |
Trojans |
| Yugoslavia |
Yugoslavian |
Yugoslavs |
| Zaire |
Zairean |
Zaireans |
Miscellaneous regions
Continents
Planets
Notes:
See also
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