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In United States copyright law, Limitations on exclusive rights: Computer programs, section 117 of the US Copyright Act, codifies part of the first-sale doctrine. It is a limitation on the rights granted to holders of copyright on computer programs. The limitation allows the owner of a particular copy of a copyrighted computer program to make copies or adaptions of the program for any of a number of reasons:
The law allows any copies that are created for the above purposes to be transferred when the software is sold, only along with the copy made to prepare them. Adaptions made can not be transferred without permission from the copyright holder.
While it's not part of this section, it is also lawful to reverse engineer software for compatibility purposes.