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Founded in 1975, the Libertarian Party of Canada adheres to the philosophy of libertarianism, and has been particularly influenced by the ideas of Ayn Rand.
The party described itself as Canada's "fourth party" in the 1980s, but it has since been displaced by new parties such as the Bloc Quebecois and the Green Party of Canada. The party declined when the Reform Party of Canada was formed, which attracted many libertarians who saw it as a better vehicle to put forward their philosophy. Many libertarians were also attracted to provincial Progressive Conservative parties that moved to the right during the 1990s in Ontario under Mike Harris, and in Alberta under Ralph Klein.
The decline in the party's membership and resources resulted in Elections Canada removing their status as a registered party immediately before the 1997 federal election when the Libertarians failed to run the minimum fifty candidates needed to maintain their registration.
The party successfully re-registered with Elections Canada on June 2, 2004, in time for the 2004 election. Its eight candidates won 1,964 votes.
The party has been led by Jean-Serge Brisson since May 22, 2000.
| Election | # of candidates | # of votes | % of popular vote |
| 1979 | 60 | 16,042 | 0.14% |
| 1980 | 58 | 14,656 | 0.13% |
| 1984 | 72 | 23,514 | 0.19% |
| 1988 | 88 | 33,135 | 0.25% |
| 1993 | 52 | 15,079 | 0.11% |
| 1997 | * | * | * |
| 2000 | * | * | * |
| 2004 | 8 | 1,964 | 0.01% |
The party also nominated a number of candidates to run in by-elections:
Source:
| Federal Political Parties of Canada | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | Conservative | B.Q. | N.D.P. |
| Not represented in the House of Commons | |||
| Action | C.H.P. | Communist | Green |
| Libertarian | Marijuana | Marxist-Leninist | PC Party |
| Election - List of election results - List of political parties in the Americas - Political parties Canadian federal elections | Canadian election results | Summaries | |||