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| Languages | Sami, Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, Russian | |||
| Area | - | |||
| Population - Sami - Non-Sami | - (Year) - (Year) | |||
| Independence | None¹ | |||
| Time zone | UTC +1 to +3 | |||
| ¹/ Integrated parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia respectively, but with varying degrees of autonomy for the Sami population. | ||||
Lapland, (also Sápmi), is the area traditionally inhabited by the Sami people. It is located in Northern Europe and includes the northern parts of Scandinavia and Finland with the Kola peninsula in Russia. Only a minority part of the Sami group is working with reindeer herding.
With the fall of the Soviet Union and increasing internationalization, co-operation across borders is becoming more important and existing county and national borders less important. This is true both for the Sami aboriginal population and the non-Sami and Sami-descent majority population.
There is a border, and some state that the rights (for reindeer herding and in some parts even for fishing and hunting) would include a larger part than of Sápmi. However, today's "border" orginates from the 14-16th century when land-owning conflicts occurred. The etablishment of more stable dwelting places and larger towns orginates from 16th century, and was performed due to strategical defence and economical reasons, both by peoples from Sami groups themself and more southern immigrants.
Owing land within the borders or being member of a siidas (="corporation villages") gives rights. A different law settings in Sweden from mid-90s gave right for anyone to fish and hunt in the region, something that was met with large scepticism and angry amongst the siidas.
Court proceedings have been common through out history, and the aims from Samic viewpoint is to reclaim territories used earlier in history. Due to a larger defeat in 1996s, one siidas have introduced a sponsorship "Reindeer Godfather" concept to raise their economical funds for further battles in courts. These "internal conflicts" are usually conflicts between non-Sami land owners and Reindeer owners.
The question whether the Fells territory is owned by the governments or the Sami population is not answered.
Sápmi is the name in the Sami languages and usually used in official context to denote Sami rights, while the name Lapland is the common English spelling of the Swedish Lappland. The name in Finnish is Lappi and in Norwegian Finnmark. (Sápmi includes all cross-country lands.) The name traditionally used in Latin is Fenni, but since 13th century Laponia has replaced this word. The choice of words for the people and language is becoming a matter of political correctness, but provinces and counties still carry the old ("lap") names.
indigenous people to distingusih it from other minorities;
† The Finnish authority is a new etablishment from an elder institution from 1970s.
Sápmi spans four countries, where the main territories lie in the following counties or provinces.
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