Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary is the name of a multiethnic kingdom that existed from 1000 to 1918. It arose in present-day western Hungary and subsequently spread to remaining present-day Hungary, to Transylvania (in present-day Romania), Slovakia, Carpatho-Ukraine, Croatia and other smaller nearby territories.
It was ruled by the kings of Hungary, the bearers of the Holy Crown of St. Stephen. The first kings of the Kingdom were from the Arpad dynasty. In the early 14th century this dynasty was replaced by the Angevins, and later the Jagiellonians as well as several non-dynastic rulers, notably Matthias Corvinus. From 1526 to 1918, it was ruled by the Habsburgs.
After the crucial Battle of Mohács of 1526 and a subsequent civil war, the Kingdom was renamed Royal Hungary, its territory was reduced to Slovakia, present-day Burgenland, Croatia and adjacent territories and it de-facto became a province of Austria. The remaining parts became part of the Ottoman Empire or of the newly independent Transylvania. The kingdom regained its former name and its former territories around 1700, when the Ottoman Empire was defeated.
In 1867, the (still strong) Austrian rule in the kingdom was replaced by the very loose "double-state" Austria-Hungary which lasted until 1918.
The kingdom was dismantled in the First World War, a status made official with the Treaty of Trianon.
The Kingdom of Hungary, more often called Hungarian Kingdom, is also the formal name of the Hungarian state largely on the territory of present Hungary from 21 March 1920 till 21 December 1944, which corresponds to the period of the regency of Miklós Horthy.
See also
