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Julius Edgar Lilienfeld (1881-1963). He was born in Germany and emigrated to the USA in 1927.
Among other things, he invented the field effect transistor in the 1920s. Although he was not able to build his devices due to the unavailabity of pure materials, he filed several patents describing the construction and operation of transistors.
Some of his patents are US1745175 (Regarded as the original transistor patent), US1900018,US1877140