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James Lawrence Orr (May 12, 1822–May 5, 1873) was a American politician who served as a Democratic Congressman from South Carolina from 1849 to 1859. He served as the Speaker of the House from 1857 to 1859. He then served as the governor of South Carolina from 1865 to 1868. He died in St. Petersburg, Russia shortly after being named Minister to Russia by President Ulysses S. Grant.