Israeli prime-minister
The Prime Minister of Israel is the elected head of the Israeli government. He is
usually the leader of the largest political party or coalition of parties in the Knesset (the Israeli parliament).
Prime Ministers of Israel (1948-Present)
A total of eleven people have served as Prime Minister of Israel. Four of those people have served on two non-consecutive
occasions.
(*)In 1968 Mapai merged with other parties to form the Labour Alignment (now the Israeli Labour Party)
(**)It should be noted that after the election of 1984, the Likud and Labour parties reached a coalition agreement by which
the role of prime minister would be rotated mid-term between them. Shimon Peres of Labour served during the first two years as
prime minister, and then the role was passed to Yitzhak Shamir. After the 1988 election Likud was able to govern without the
Labour party, and Yitzhak Shamir became prime minister again.
Historical background
At its founding, the State of Israel adopted the parliamentary political system,
with a Prime Minister at the most powerful political leader of the
government and a largely ceremonial president as head of State. According to the original Basic Law, following elections to the Knesset, the
President assigns the task of forming a Government to a member of Knesset
(conventionally the leader of the party that has won a plurality of Knesset seats), and this individual becomes Prime Minister
after s/he successfully forms a Government that has the support of 61 members (a majority) in the Knesset. Occasionally, the
title of "Premier" is used when referring to the Prime Minister.
The Basic Law was amended in 1992, providing for the direct election of the Prime
Minister, separate from the Knesset election. Three elections were held under this system: 1996, 1999, and 2001. (2001 was the
only time that a Prime Ministerial election was held without a Knesset election. Thus, from 2001-2003 Ariel Sharon (Likud) was Prime Minister
while Labour held a plurality of Knesset seats.) In 2001,
the Basic Law was amended again, abolishing direct elections and reverting to the original system. Thus, in 2003 and subsequent
elections, the Prime Minister is chosen as the head of the largest party in the Knesset.
See also
External links
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