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Standards for financial and identity cards are set out by ISO.
All credit cards and debit cards, and most ID cards, are the same shape and size ID-1 as specified by the ISO 7810 standard:
Smartcards follow specifications set out in ISO 7816, and contactless smart cards follow the ISO 14443 specification (see also RFID).
The ratio of the ID-1 dimensions is approximately the golden section (or golden ratio) in order be as aesthetically pleasing as possible.
See also: Magnetic stripe card