I.G. Farben
IG Farben (short for Interessen-Gemeinschaft Farbenindustrie AG) was a German conglomerate of companies formed in 1925 and even earlier during World War I. IG Farben held nearly a total monopoly on the chemical production in Nazi Germany. Farben is German for "paints", "dyes", or "colors", and initially many of these companies produced dyes, but soon began to embrace more and more advanced chemistry. The founding of the IG Farben was a reaction to Germany's defeat in the First World War. Before the war the dyestuff companies had a near monopoly in the world market which they lost during the conflict. One solution for regaining this position was a large merger.
IG Farben consisted of the following major companies:
and several smaller ones.
Due to the war crimes committed by it during World War II, the allies considered confiscating and putting all of IG Farben out of business. Instead, in 1951, the company was split up into the original constituent companies. The four largest quickly bought the smaller ones, and today only Agfa, BASF, and Bayer remain, while Hoechst merged with the French Rhône-Poulenc Rorer to form Aventis, now based in Strasbourg, France. The parent company remained in existence as a trust, holding a few real estate assets until it was declared bankrupt on November 10, 2003 by its liquidators.
During the planning of the invasion of Poland and Czechoslovakia, IG Farben cooperated closely with the Nazi officials and directed which chemical plants should be secured and delivered to IG Farben.
IG Farben built a factory for producing synthetic oil and rubber (from coal) in Auschwitz, which was the beginning of SS activity and camps in this location during the Holocaust. The pesticide Zyklon B, for which IG Farben held the patent and which was used in the gas chambers for mass murder, was manufactured by Degesch (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schädlingsbekämpfung), a company owned by IG Farben.
Several of the company officials were sentenced to prison during the Nuremberg Trials.
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