Human shield
Human shield is a military term describing the use of civilians to deter an enemy from attacking certain targets—in particular military targets. International law considers the use of human shields to protect military targets a war crime. However, in more recent times it has been used by civilian volunteers as an anti-war strategy to protect civilian targets.
It may also be used to describe the use of civilians to literally shield soldiers during attacks, by forcing the civilians to march in front of the soldiers during human wave attacks. Of course the civilian casualty rate is extremely high and use of this technique is highly illegal. There were some instances of this in the Soviet Union during WWII. Israeli forces are also reported to have used this tactic, notably during the invasion of Jenin in 2002. Palestinian groups have been reported as using civilians as human shield, many of whom were children and teenagers. Pictures from the Gaza Strip have documented incident of Hamas and Popular Resistance Committees using children as human shield.
The tactic was used by the Bosnian Serbs in 1994 and by Iraq in 1990. Some anti-war activists have voluntarily gone to target areas for this purpose, as in 2003 to Iraq, in advance of the 2003 Invasion of Iraq.
Rachel Corrie and Thomas Hurndall, Western International Solidarity Movement volunteers in the Palestinian territories, were killed in March 2003 and April 2003 while trying to disrupt IDF demolition operations by armoured bulldozers. Some ISM volunteers object to the use of the term human shield to describe their work.
"Human shield" can also be used collectively where the shield is not an individual but the whole population. In this case, one party in a conflict intentionally positions its military assets amongst a civilian population or close to civilian facilities such as hospitals or schools in the hope that the other party will be reluctant to attack them. Furthermore, if the other party attacks these targets anyway, the resulting civilian casualties have propaganda value. In the case of popular resistance movements, which always operate amongst the civilian populations from which they arise, application of the phrase "human shield" is usually restricted to partisan polemics.
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