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HALO jump at about 15,000 feet over Yuma Proving Ground, AZ
HALO/HAHO
Military free-fall form of insertion.
Purpose:
Delivering personnel, equipment, or supplies.
HALO
High-Altitude/Low-Opening
HAHO
High-Altitude/High-Opening
Origins:
Attributed to SEAL Team SIX.
Perfected by U.S. special forces.
HALO and HAHO are US military terms for methods of delivering personnel, equipment, and supplies from "high altitude" transport aircraft; via free-fall parachute insertion. HALO is an acronym for High Altitude-Low Opening, while HAHO stands for High Altitude-High Opening. HALO is also known as Military Free Fall (MFF).
The HALO technique is used for delivering equipment, supplies, or personnel, while the HAHO technique is generally used only for personnel. In a typical HALO/HAHO insertion, the airplane will fly at altitudes of up to 8,000m (26,000ft).
Altitude chamber at Langley AFB, VA
The HALO technique is used to airdrop supplies, equipment, or personnel at high altitudes when aircrafts can fly above enemy skies without posing a threat to the load. [https://hosta.atsc.eustis.army.mil/cgi-bin/atdl.dll/accp/in0758/lsn3.htm]
For military cargo airdrops, the rigged load is pulled from the aircraft by a stabilizing parachute. The load then proceeds to free-fall to a low altitude where a cargo parachute opens to allow a low-velocity landing. Military personnel will later move to the landing point in order to secure the equipment or to unpack the supplies. [https://hosta.atsc.eustis.army.mil/cgi-bin/atdl.dll/accp/in0758/lsn3.htm]
See also: SEAL Team SIX.
The origins of the HALO technique date back to US Military Involvement in Laos, when members of MACV-SOG performed the first high altitude combat jumps. SEAL Team SIX of the United States Navy expanded and expanded the HALO technique to incude delivery of boats and other large items in conjunction with parachutists.
In a typical HALO exercise, the parachutist will jump from the aircraft, free-fall for around a minute, and open his parachute at a low altitude.
HALO jump at McChord AFB
See also: Hypoxia.
At high altitudes of the Earth's atmosphere, the oxygen quantities required for Hypoxia may cause loss of consciousness, which in consequence puts the parachuter in a mortal risk situation, as he can suffer death from landing impact by not being capable of opening his own parachute.
In a typical HALO exercise, a parachuter will jump with:
25,000 feet jump over the Arizona desert
The HAHO technique is used to airdrop personnel at high altitudes when aircrafts can fly above enemy skies without posing a threat to the jumpers.
In a typical HAHO exercise, the parachuter will jump from the aircraft and deploy his parachute at a high altitude, 10–15 seconds later after the jump (typically at 27,000 feet or so). The parachuter will use a compass to guide himself while flying for 30 or more miles. The soldier will use way points and terrain features to navigate to his desired landing zone, and along the way, he must correct his course for changes in wind speed and direction; making for a tricky navigation problem.
The HAHO technique is also used for delivering military teams. The team will jump from the aircraft and form up in a stack while flying in the air with their parachutes. Usually, the parachuter in the lowest position will set the travel course and act as a guide for his other team members.
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