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Extraterritoriality is the state of being exempt from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations. For instance, a citizen of country A may enjoy extraterritoriality while visiting country B. In that case, this person cannot legally be tried by the courts of country B for some alleged crime.
The old legalism is noted for its usage concerning European nationals in 19th century China. The 1839 murder by two British sailors of a Chinese man became a starting point of the First Opium War. See also: Imperialism in Asia