Extended technique
Extended technique is a term used to describe unconventional, unorthodox or "improper" techniques of playing musical instruments.
Examples include:
- added electronics or MIDI control
- unusual bowing technique: double stops and multiple stops, sul ponticello, sul tasto, Col legno
- breath technique or multiphonics, tonguing or flutter tonguing, continuous breathing or circular breathing, trumpet half-valve playing, humming while blowing, blowing a disengaged mouthpiece or reed, unusual mutes
- Sprechstimme (speech-singing)
- prepared piano
- Unusual harmonics, including multiphonics
- glissandi
- String microtones (vertical and linear)
- exaggerated tremolo
- exaggerated brass head-shakes
- activating keys or valves without blowing
- tapping or rubbing the composer Sofia Gubaidulina
- vocalist Joan La Barbara
- vocalist Shelley Hirsch
- vocalist and composer Meredith Monk
- composer and multireedist Joseph Celli
- pianist and composer David Tudor in his own work and in the prepared piano techniques of Cage and the New York School
- cellist and improviser Frances-Marie Uitti
- rock flautist Ian Anderson
- composer Robert Erickson
- trombonist Stuart Dempster
- bassist Bertram Turetzky
See also: List of pieces which use extended techniques
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