Euclid and his Modern Rivals

Euclid and his Modern Rivals is a mathematical work by Lewis Carroll, issued in 1879 under his real name of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. It considers the theoretical work of a series of contemporary mathematicians, demonstrating how each in turn is either inferior to or functionally identical to that of Euclid.

Despite its scholarly subject and content, the work takes the form of a whimsical dialogue, principally between a mathematician named Minos and a "devil's advocate" named Professor Niemand who represents the "Modern Rivals" of the title.