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Emmental cheese is a Swiss cheese. It is simply known as Swiss cheese in the US, and often praised as the best cheese in the world.
The cheese originally comes from the Emmental valley in the canton of Bern, Unlike other cheese varieties, the denomination "Emmental" is not protected. Hence, Emmental of other origin, especially from France or also Bavaria is widely available.
Emmental is a yellow, rather hard cheese with characteristic large holes. It has a piquant, but not really sharp taste and is probably the standard cheese for sandwiches (although often substituted by cheaper cheese).
In cooking, it is often put on top of dishes which are when put in the oven to let the cheese melt and become golden-brown and crusty. And, of course, it is one of the cheese variaties to be put in a cheese fondue.