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Multiple citizenship is simultaneous citizenship in two or more countries (whether it is recognized by all countries or not).
Dual citizenship (being a citizen of two nations) is by far the most common type of multiple citizenship, but nothing in international law prevents individuals from establishing citizenship in more than two countries. Some countries prohibit their citizens from establishing citizenship in another country or only permit it in certain circumstances or for certain countries. Other countries place no restrictions upon citizens wishing to become citizens of other lands.
Each country has different requirements for citizenship, as well as different policies regarding dual citizenship.
For example, A person born, in Canada, to a Canadian citizen and an American citizen would have Canadian citizenship by birth, and MAY also have US citizenship, depending on certain circumstances (the parents' marital status, date of the child's birth, and whether the Foreign-born Japanese