Digital physics
In theoretical physics, digital physics holds the basic premise that the entire history of our universe is computable, that is, the output of a (presumably short) computer program. The hypothesis was pioneered in Konrad Zuse's book Calculating Space. Its proponents include Edward Fredkin, Juergen Schmidhuber, Stephen Wolfram, and Nobel laureate Gerard 't Hooft. They claim that the apparently probabilistic nature of quantum physics is not incompatible with the notion of computability.
The theory of digital physics is, basically, the following:
there exists a program for a universal computer which computes the dynamic evolution of our world. Since programs for any universal computer can be compiled into equivalent programs for other universal computers, the precise details of the computing machinery do not really matter.
For example, the computer could be a huge cellular automaton as suggested by Zuse (1967). Or a universal Turing machine, as suggested by Schmidhuber (1997), who pointed out that there is a very short program that computes all possible computable universes in an asymptotically optimal way.
Some try to identify single physical particles with simple bits. For example, if one particle, such as an electron, is switching from one quantum state to another, it may be the same as if a bit is changed from one value (0) to another (1). There is nothing more required to describe a single quantum switch of a given particle than a single bit. And as the world is built up of the basic particles and their behavior can be completely described by the quantum switches they perform that also means that the world as a whole can be described by bits. Every state is information and every change is a change in information (one or a number of bit manipulations ). The known universe could, as a conclusion, be simulated by a computer capable of saving about 1090 bits and manipulating them, and could very well be a simulation.
Loop quantum gravity could lend support to digital physics, in that it assumes space to be quantized.
Criticism
The critics - including a majority of professionals who work with quantum mechanics - argue, among other things, that
- the models of digital physics are incompatible with the existence of continuous symmetries such as rotational symmetry, translational symmetry, Lorentz symmetry, electroweak symmetry, and many others. Proponents of digital physics, however, reject the very notion of the continuum, and claim that the existing continuous theories are just approximations of a true discrete theory.
- some argue that the models of digital physics violate various postulates of quantum physics. For example, if these models are not based on Hilbert spaces and probabilities, they belong to the class of theories with local hidden variables that some think have been ruled out experimentally using Bell's theorem. Bell himself, however, has pointed out that his theorem is not applicable to the case of deterministically computed universes.
See also
References
- Fredkin, Edward, "Digital Mechanics", Physica D, (1990) 254-270 North-Holland
