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Painting by Jan Matejko from 1891 (enlarge)
Government Act of May 3, 1791 (Ustawa rządowa z 3ego Maja 1791, also Constitution of third of May) was the first written constitution in Europe, second in the world history. Passed by the Polish Sejm for the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth on May 3, 1791.
The main points included:
Both Polish and English texts are available at Wikisource. See also external links below.