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aphorism ("There's more than one way to skin a cat"). Colloquial words and phrases may be marked with the abbreviation "colloq." in dictionaries. Often colloquialisms are used within a certain geographical area.
In the past and in some quarters, overuse by native speakers of colloquialisms has been and is sometimes regarded as a sign of substandard ability with the language in question. But in the mouth of a non-native speaker, they are sometimes taken as signaling unusual facility with the language.
Compare: slang, jargon, variety (linguistics)