Cinnabar
Cinnabar (German Zinnober), sometimes written cinnabarite, is a name applied to red mercury (II) sulfide (HgS), or native vermilion, the common ore of mercury. The name comes from the Greek, used by Theophrastus, and probably applied to several distinct substances.
Cinnabar is generally found in a massive, granular or earthier form, of bright red color, but it occasionally occurs in crystals, with a metallic adamantine lustre. The crystals belong to the rhombohedral (trigonal) system, and are generally of rhombohedral habit, sometimes twinned. Cinnabar presents remarkable resemblance to quartz in its symmetry and optical characters. Like quartz it exhibits circular polarization, and Alfred Des Cloizeaux showed that it possessed fifteen times the rotatory power of quartz.
Cinnabar has higher refractive power than any other known mineral, its mean index for sodium light being 3 ~O2, whilst the index for diamond—a substance of remarkable refraction—is only 2~42. The hardness of cinnabar is 3, and its specific gravity 8~998.
Cinnabar is found in all localities which yield mercury notably Almaden (Spain), New Almaden (California), Idrija (Slovenia), Landsberg, near Ober-Moschel in the Palatinate, Ripa, at the foot of the Apuan Alps (Tuscany), the mountain Avala (Serbia), Huancavelica (Peru), and the province of Kweichow in China, whence very fine crystals have been obtained. Cinnabar is in course of deposition at the present day from the hot waters of Sulphur Bank, in California, and Steamboat Springs, Nevada.
Hepatic cinnabar is an impure variety from Idrija in Carniola, in which the cinnabar is mixed with bituminous and earthy matter.
Metacinnabarite is a cubic form of mercury (II) sulfide, this compound being dimorphous.
For a general description of cinnabar, see G. F. Becker’s Geology of the Quicksilver Deposits of the Pacific Slope, U.S. Geol. Surv. Monographs, No. xiii. (1888). (F. W. R.*)
based on an article from 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
See also
The Cinnabar is also a Moth, Tyria jacobaeae.
