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The Chugoku region (中国地方 Chūgoku-chihō) is located within the western region of Honshu, the largest island of Japan.
It consists of the following prefectures: Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, Tottori. Okayama is sometimes included or excluded for some reason.
In Japanese, the word "Chugoku" is also used to mean "China". But "Chugoku" as a region isn't refered alone, but always in a couple of words, "Chugoku chiho" without exceptions it appears in proper names like "Chugoku Bank" and so on. For Japanese speakers those two usages don't lead to confusion.
See also: Geography of Japan, List of regions in Japan, Kyushu region, Kinki region