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Chernozem, or Black Earth (Russian: чернозём), is a kind of soil. This soil contains a very high percentage of humus — 3% to 13% and has a large depth (sometimes more than 40 inches). It is very fertile and does not require any fertilizing. Because of that it is often considered to be the best kind of soil.
There are two "Chernozem belts" in the world: from Northeast Ukraine across Black Earth Region and Southern Russia into Siberia and in Manitoba, Canada.