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The Challenge Cup is a knockout competition for British Rugby League clubs that has been held since 1896. In recent years the entry has been expanded to allow French and Russian teams to take part.
The clubs that formed the Northern Union had long been playing in local knockout cup competitions under the auspices of the Rugby Football Union. However, the rugby union authorities refused to sanction a nationwide tournament, fearing that this would inevitably lead to professionalism. After the schism of 1895, the northern clubs were free to go-ahead, and they instigated the Northern Rugby Football Union Challenge Cup.
The first competition was held during the 1896-95 season (the second season of the new game), and 56 clubs entered to compete for the £60 trophy.
Initially, the final tie was held at one of the larger club grounds in the north, however, in 1927 the decision was made to relocate to the new Wembley Stadium in London.
In recent years the redevelopment of Wembley has led to the Cup Final utilising a variety of venues. The final is one of the biggest rugby league events of the year in Britain, along with the Super League Grand Final.
Note that in the years immediately following the Second World War the final was played over two legs, with the aggregate score being used.
| Year | Winners | Score | Runner-up | Venue | Attendance |
| 1896-97 | Batley | 10 - 3 | St Helens | Leeds | 13,492 |
| 1897-98 | Batley | 7 - 0 | Bradford | Leeds | 27,941 |
| 1898-99 | Oldham | 19 - 9 | Hunslet | Manchester | 15,763 |
| 1899-00 | Swinton | 16 - 8 | Salford | Manchester | 17,864 |
| 1900-01 | Batley | 6 - 0 | Warrington | Leeds | 29,563 |
| 1901-02 | Broughton Rangers | 25 - 0 | Salford | Rochdale | 15,006 |
| 1902-03 | Halifax | 7 - 0 | Salford | Leeds | 32,507 |
| 1903-04 | Halifax | 8 - 3 | Warrington | Salford | 17,041 |
| 1904-05 | Warrington | 6 - 0 | Hull Kingston Rovers | Leeds | 19,638 |
| 1905-06 | Bradford | 5 - 0 | Salford | Leeds | 15,834 |
| 1906-07 | Warrington | 17 - 3 | Oldham | Broughton | 18,500 |
| 1907-08 | Hunslet | 14 - 0 | Hull | Huddersfield | 18,000 |
| 1908-09 | Wakefield Trinity | 17 - 0 | Hull | Leeds | 23,587 |
| 1909-10 | Leeds | 7 - 7 | Hull | Huddersfield | 11,608 |
| (replay) | Leeds | 26 - 12 | Hull | Huddersfield | 19,413 |
| 1910-11 | Broughton Rangers | 4 - 0 | Wigan | Salford | 8,000 |
| 1911-12 | Dewsbury | 8 - 5 | Oldham | Leeds | 15,271 |
| 1912-13 | Huddersfield | 9 - 5 | Warrington | Leeds | 22,754 |
| 1913-14 | Hull | 6 - 0 | Wakefield Trinity | Halifax | 19,000 |
| 1914-15 | Huddersfield | 37 - 3 | St Helens | Oldham | 8,000 |
| 1919-20 | Huddersfield | 21 - 10 | Wigan | Leeds | 14,000 |
| 1920-21 | Leigh | 13 - 0 | Halifax | Broughton | 25,000 |
| 1921-22 | Rochdale Hornets | 10 - 9 | Hull | Leeds | 32,596 |
| 1922-23 | Leeds | 28 - 3 | Hull | Wakefield | 29,335 |
| 1923-24 | Wigan | 21 - 4 | Oldham | Rochdale | 41,831 |
| 1924-25 | Oldham | 16 - 3 | Hull Kingston Rovers | Leeds | 28,335 |
| 1925-26 | Swinton | 9 - 3 | Oldham | Rochdale | 27,000 |
| 1926-27 | Oldham | 26 - 7 | Swinton | Wigan | 33,448 |
| 1927-28 | Swinton | 5 - 3 | Warrington | Wigan | 33,909 |
| 1928-29 | Wigan | 13 - 2 | Dewsbury | Wembley | 41,500 |
| 1929-30 | Widnes | 10 - 3 | St Helens | Wembley | 36,544 |
| 1930-31 | Halifax | 22 - 8 | York | Wembley | 40,368 |
| 1931-32 | Leeds | 11 - 8 | Swinton | Wigan | 29,000 |
| 1932-33 | Huddersfield | 21 - 17 | Warrington | Wembley | 41,874 |
| 1933-34 | Hunslet | 11 - 5 | Widnes | Wembley | 41,280 |
| 1934-35 | Castleford | 11 - 8 | Huddersfield | Wembley | 39,000 |
| 1935-36 | Leeds | 18 - 2 | Warrington | Wembley | 51,250 |
| 1936-37 | Widnes | 18 - 5 | Keighley | Wembley | 47,699 |
| 1937-38 | Salford | 7 - 4 | Barrow | Wembley | 51,243 |
| 1938-39 | Halifax | 20 - 3 | Salford | Wembley | 55,453 |
| 1940-41 | Leeds | 19 - 2 | Halifax | Bradford | 28,500 |
| 1941-42 | Leeds | 15 - 10 | Halifax | Bradford | 15,250 |
| 1942-43 | Dewsbury | 16 - 9 | Leeds | Dewsbury | 10,470 |
| 1942-43 | Leeds | 6 - 0 | Dewsbury | Leeds | 16,000 |
| 1942-43 | Dewsbury | 16 - 15 | Leeds | (aggegate score) | n/a |
| 1943-44 | Bradford Northern | 0 - 3 | Wigan | Wigan | 22,000 |
| 1943-44 | Bradford Northern | 8 - 0 | Wigan | Bradford | 30,000 |
| 1943-44 | Bradford Northern | 8 - 3 | Wigan | (aggegate score) | n/a |
| 1944-45 | Huddersfield | 7 - 4 | Bradford Northern | Huddersfield | 9,041 |
| 1944-45 | Huddersfield | 6 - 5 | Bradford Northern | Bradford | 17,500 |
| 1944-45 | Huddersfield | 13 - 9 | Bradford Northern | (aggegate score) | n/a |
| 1945-46 | Wakefield Trinity | 13 - 12 | Wigan | Wembley | 54,730 |
| 1946-46 | Bradford Northern | 8 - 4 | Leeds | Wembley | 77,605 |
| 1947-46 | Wigan | 8 - 3 | Bradford Northern | Wembley | 91,465 |
| 1948-49 | Bradford Northern | 12 - 0 | Halifax | Wembley | 95,050 |
| 1949-50 | Warrington | 19 - 0 | Widnes | Wembley | 94,249 |
| 1950-51 | Wigan | 10 - 0 | Barrow | Wembley | 94,262 |
| 1951-52 | Workington Town | 18 - 10 | Featherstone Rovers | Wembley | 72,093 |
| 1952-53 | Huddersfield | 15 - 10 | St Helens | Wembley | 89,588 |
| 1953-54 | Warrington | 4 - 4 | Halifax | Wembley | 81,841 |
| (replay) | Warrington | 8 - 4 | Halifax | Bradford | 102,569 |
| 1954-55 | Barrow | 21 - 12 | Workington Town | Wembley | 66,513 |
| 1955-56 | St Helens | 13 - 2 | Halifax | Wembley | 79,341 |
| 1956-57 | Leeds | 9 - 7 | Barrow | Wembley | 76,318 |
| 1957-58 | Wigan | 13-9 | Workington Town | Wembley | 66,109 |
| 1958-59 | Wigan | 30 - 13 | Hull | Wembley | 79,811 |
| 1959-60 | Wakefield Trinity | 38 - 5 | Hull | Wembley | 79,773 |
| 1960-61 | St Helens | 12 - 6 | Wigan | Wembley | 94,672 |
| 1961-62 | Wakefield Trinity | 12 - 6 | Huddersfield | Wembley | 81,263 |
| 1962-63 | Wakefield Trinity | 25 - 10 | Wigan | Wembley | 84,492 |
| 1963-64 | Widnes | 13 - 5 | Hull Kingston Rovers | Wembley | 84,488 |
| 1964-65 | Wigan | 20 - 16 | Hunslet | Wembley | 89,016 |
| 1965-66 | St Helens | 21 - 2 | Wigan | Wembley | 98,536 |
| 1966-67 | Featherstone Rovers | 17 - 12 | Barrow | Wembley | 76,290 |
| 1967-68 | Leeds | 11 - 10 | Wakefield Trinity | Wembley | 87,100 |
| 1968-69 | Castleford | 11 - 6 | Salford | Wembley | 97,939 |
| 1969-70 | Castleford | 7 - 2 | Wigan | Wembley | 95,255 |
| 1970-71 | Leigh | 24 - 7 | Leeds | Wembley | 85,514 |
| 1971-72 | St Helens | 16 - 13 | Leeds | Wembley | 89,495 |
| 1972-73 | Featherstone Rovers | 33 - 14 | Bradford Northern | Wembley | 72,395 |
| 1973-74 | Warrington | 24 -9 | Featherstone Rovers | Wembley | 77,400 |
| 1974-75 | Widnes | 14 - 7 | Warrington | Wembley | 85,098 |
| 1975-76 | St Helens | 20 - 5 | Widnes | Wembley | 89,982 |
| 1976-77 | Leeds | 16 - 7 | Widnes | Wembley | 80,871 |
| 1977-78 | Leeds | 14 - 12 | St Helens | Wembley | 96,000 |
| 1978-79 | Widnes | 12 - 3 | Wakefield Trinity | Wembley | 94,218 |
| 1979-80 | Hull Kingston Rovers | 10 - 5 | Hull | Wembley | 95,000 |
| 1980-81 | Widnes | 18 - 9 | Hull Kingston Rovers | Wembley | 92,496 |
| 1981-82 | Hull | 14 - 14 | Widnes | Wembley | 92,147 |
| (replay) | Hull | 18 - 9 | Widnes | Wembley | 84,969 |
| 1982-83 | Featherstone Rovers | 14 - 12 | Hull | Elland Road | 41,171 |
| 1983-84 | Widnes | 19 - 6 | Wigan | Wembley | 80,116 |
| 1984-85 | Wigan | 28 - 24 | Hull | Wembley | 99,801 |
| 1985-86 | Castleford | 15 - 14 | Hull Kingston Rovers | Wembley | 82,134 |
| 1986-87 | Halifax | 19 - 18 | St Helens | Wembley | 91,267 |
| 1987-88 | Wigan | 32 - 12 | Halifax | Wembley | 94,273 |
| 1988-89 | Wigan | 27 - 0 | St Helens | Wembley | 78,000 |
| 1989-90 | Wigan | 36 - 14 | Warrington | Wembley | 77,729 |
| 1990-91 | Wigan | 13 - 8 | St Helens | Wembley | 75,532 |
| 1991-92 | Wigan | 28 - 12 | Castleford | Wembley | 77,286 |
| 1992-93 | Wigan | 20 - 14 | Widnes | Wembley | 77,684 |
| 1993-94 | Wigan | 26 - 16 | Leeds | Wembley | 78,348 |
| 1994-95 | Wigan | 30 - 10 | Leeds | Wembley | 78,550 |
| 1996 | St Helens | 40 - 32 | Bradford Bulls | Wembley | 75,994 |
| 1997 | St Helens | 32 - 22 | Bradford Bulls | Wembley | 78,022 |
| 1998 | Sheffield Eagles | 17 - 8 | Wigan Warriors | Wembley | 60,669 |
| 1999 | Leeds Rhinos | 52- 16 | London Broncos | Wembley | 73,242 |
| 2000 | Bradford Bulls | 24 - 18 | Leeds Rhinos | Murrayfield | 67,247 |
| 2001 | St Helens | 13 - 6 | Bradford Bulls | Twickenham | 68,250 |
| 2002 | Wigan Warrriors | 21 - 12 | St Helens | Murrayfield | 62,140 |
| 2003 | Bradford Bulls | 22 - 20 | Leeds Rhinos | Millennium Stadium | 71,212 |
| 2004 | St Helens | 32 - 16 | Wigan Warrriors | Millennium Stadium | 73,734 |